Standards-Based Testing

This survey does not cover die topic of standards-based testing (Sec. 56.5), because the testability standardization work promulgated by the IEEE began in the later 1980s. 

Mechanical Properties. Mechanical properties (4,6,55) are important for a number of steps in coal preparation from mining through handling, cmshing, and grinding. The properties include elasticity and strength as measured by standard laboratory tests and empirical tests for grindabiUty and friabihty, and indirect measurements based on particle size distributions. 

Materials evaluation should be based only on actual data obtained at conditions as close as possible to intended operating environments. Prediction of a material s performance is most accurate when standard corrosion testing is done in the actual service environment. Often it is extremely difficult in laboratory testing to expose a material to all of the impurities that the apparatus actually will contact. In addition, not all operating characteristics are readily simulated in laboratory testing. Nevertheless, there are standard laboratory practices that enable engineering estimates of the corrosion resistance of materials to be evaluated. 

Medieal surveillanee may need to address mueh more than the basie requirements in the HAZWOPER standard. Based on the presenee of hazards (sueh as lead, asbestos, and eareinogens), speeial types of medieal testing may be required. The oeeupational health physieian responsible for the medieal surveillanee program should work with the rest of the medieal surveillanee team to determine what forms of surveillanee are applieable for aetivities at eaeh worksite. 

The standard f-test (or Z-test) specifies a predefined number of measurements to be made, either for a single condition or for a pair of conditions (i.e., sample-versus- control ). The difference between the two states is compared to the experimental error evidenced in the data, and a decision made based on whether the difference between the states is large enough , compared to the noise (or error). 

The first stopping criterion is straightforward, it is simply the standard hypothesis test, based on a probabilities that we have previously discussed of a sample coming from the hypothesized population P0 [2], The second stopping criterion, however, seems to fly in the face of our previous discussions on the topic, where we said that you could not prove two populations the same. 

Standards provide a base for a uniform system of accepted performance such as those found in engineering practice standards, material standards, and test standards. Hydrogen standards are typically written under a consensus process by technical committees (TC) representing a cross section of interested parties and issued in the United States, for example, by organizations such as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) for pressure vessels, pipelines, and piping the Compressed Gas Association (CGA) for pressure vessel operation and maintenance and the Underwriters Laboratories (UL) for product certification. 

The most important, and debated resolution was the sixth one, which concern the three tests package for wall and ceiling linings. In this context the committee accepted the CEC mandate to prepare a standard based on the three national norms ... 

Design practices stem from standard fire test procedures in which the temperature history of the test furnace is regarded as an index of the destructive potential of a fire. Thus, the practice of describing the expected effects and damage mechanism is based on temperature histories. This standard design practice is convenient but lacks accuracy in terms of structural performance. The severity of a fire should address the expected intensity of the heat flux that will impact the structure and the duration of heat penetration. A simple analysis of the expect nature of an unwanted fire can be based on the heats of combustion and pyrolysis of the principal contents in the facility. The heat of combustion will identify the destructive nature of the fire, while the heat of pyrolysis will identify the severity of the fire within the compartment itself and will also identify the destructive potential of the fire in adjacent spaces. 

Standard geotechnical test reports address typical static properties of soil such as shear strength and bearing capacity but may not provide dynamic properties unless they are specifically requested. In these situations, it is necessary to use the static properties. Dynamic soil properties which are reported may be based on low strain amplitude tests which may or may not be applicable to the situation of interest. Soils reports will generally provide vertical and lateral stiffness values for the foundation type recommended. These can be used along with ultimate bearing capacities to perform a dynamic response calculation of the foundation for the applied blast load. 

Testing of decay resistance can be performed in a laboratory environment or in outdoor field trials, and there are many standards defined for these tests. The first objective of a laboratory-based test is to provide a methodology for the rapid screening of a candidate wood preservative, treatment or modification in order to assess which ones exhibit decay resistance. Broadly speaking, laboratory-based tests can be divided into sterile (pure culture) tests and unsterile tests (such as fungal cellar, soil burial etc.). 

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