Rubber research studies

In Malaya the Rubber Research Institute is continually studying new and old fungicidal treatments. These are gazetted and, if they have passed tests, they are included in an approved list, which gives the range of concentrations that will properly inhibit the disease and still not be too toxic for treating the newly cut bark tissues. The materials are applied by spraying a narrow band on the trunk, on each... 

Subramaniam, A. Molecular Weight and Other Properties of Natural Rubber A Study of Clonal Variations, ProcIntRubbConf 1975 Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 3. 

Several research studies [58, 59 and 67] have been carried out in order to substitute it with different metal oxides such as MgO. The influence of different mixtures of ZnO and MgO on the vulcanization of natural rubber has been investigated and a model compound vulcanization has been used to study the role of MgO on the mechanism of vulcanization. 

Natural rubber is derived from latex obtained from the sap of rubber trees. Its use ranges from household articles to industrial products. Tire and tube industries are the largest consumers of rubber and the remaining are taken up by general rubber goods (GRG) sector. A number of research studies have been carried out in the recent past on fabrication and characterization of OPF-NR composites. 

Whereas it may be self-evident that working in the rubber industry is physically demanding, research studies of this field are rarely found. Three studies have been particularly concerned with the convenience of layout within the working zone and with controlling excessive bodily movement. Two out of the three were concerned with tyre building and drew special attention to the manual effort involved. 

This paper discusses an attempt to prepare and characterize a standardized crosslinked rubber. By careful control of preparations and cure conditions, it should be possible to obtain specimens whose properties are reproducible from batch to batch. Distribution of such materials to those doing research on the viscoelastic behavior of cross-linked polymeric systems will stimulate a rapid advance in our understanding of such systems. Moreover, even in cases where research studies are not intended, they can serve as useful materials for apparatus calibration or for round robin tests. 

The potential commercial applications of LNR have been exhaustively studied in a project sponsored by the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) at the Rubber Research Institute of Africa (IRCA), Invory Coast, in 1985. Tlie physical properties of LNR and related products, and the relevant economics are the main factors considered in evaluating the applicability of LNR. Table 4 lists some of the important applications explored and general comments about the products. 

Rubber Chemistry and Technology 70, No.l, March/April 1997, p. 129-45 BISCITRACONIMIDES AS ANTI-REVERSION AGENTS FOR DIENE RUBBERS SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES ON CITRACONIMIDE-SQUALENE ADDUCTS Datta R N Schotman A H M Weber AIM van Wijk F G H van Haeren P J C Hofsraat J W Talma A G Bovenkamp-Bouwman A G V D Flexsys BV Akzo Nobel Central Research... 

Durihg recent years a considerable amount of re-.search has been undertaken to understand what in the makeup of a polymer affects the processability. In the late 1980s, the Rubber Manufacturers Association in the United States undertook a research project with the Department of Polymer Engineering at the University of Akron to evaluate the laboratory equipment available using specially made butadiene-acrylonitrile polymers with different acrylonitrile levels, molecular weights, and molecular weight distributions. The results from the study confirmed that, from the processing variables viewpoint, the major factors are frequency (shear rate), temperature (temperature), and deformation (strain). 

This is the most widely used naturally occurring rubber. The literature search shows that many research groups have prepared nanocomposites based on this rubber [29-32]. Varghese and Karger-Kocsis have prepared natural rubber (NR)-based nanocomposites by melt-intercalation method, which is very useful for practical application. In their study, they have found increase in stiffness, elongation, mechanical strength, and storage modulus. Various minerals like MMT, bentonite, and hectorite have been used. 

Proper reinforcement of rubber matrix using hllers can be achieved only if there exists adequate adhesion between the hller and the mbber. Rubber-mbber adhesion and rubber-hller adhesion both without and with adhesion promoters have been studied extensively [125-127]. Fiber-matrix adhesion in short fiber-rubber composites is always a field of extensive research. If the fibers are not bonded properly with the rubber matrix, fibers will shde past each other under tension deforming the matrix, thereby reducing the strength properties. In the case of short fiber-reinforced rubber composites, loads are not directly applied to the fibers, but are apphed to the matrix. To obtain a high-performance composite, the load must be effectively transferred to the fibers, which is possible only when the fiber-matrix interphase is sufficiently strong. In addition, the adhesion between the fiber and the matrix should be such that the failure occurs in the matrix rather than at the interphase [92]. 

Rapra has undertaken extensive research on the nature of the breakdown products from rubber curatives. This has included studies for the U.K. Food... 

Studies at the International Tin Research Institute showed that 2.5% zinc stannate strongly enhanced the flame retardant action of ATH in ethylene-acrylic rubber, and enhanced the char yield (34) (Fig. 5). 

Improvement in the processing and vulcanized qualities of a range of systems have been reported over the past decades. Modification of natural rubber, due to work in the British Rubber Producers Research Association, yields some of the most striking applications of microgel. A detailed study at the MV Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, in Moscow, on the effect of microgels on mechanical properties of cis-polyisoprene and butadiene-styrene rubbers extensively illustrates the properties of blends from latex combination of microgel and conventional or linear systems.(31)... 

Ing, H. R. Manske, R. H. F. J. Chem. Soc. 1926, 2348. H. R. Ing was a professor of pharmacological chemistry at Oxford. R. H. F. Manske, Ing s collaborator at Oxford, was of German origin but trained in Canada before studying at Oxford. Manske left England to return to Canada, eventually to become director of research in the Union Rubber Company, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. 

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