Risk mitigation definition

The decision model applied in this paper allows the ordering of sections of pipelines in a hierarchy of multidimensional risks. The problem is well defined in the sense that the context of the problem of decision has aheady been defined as the purpose and objectives of the model, beyond the dimensions of risk to be addressed. These risks include human, financial and environmental aspects of risk, arising from the use of the sections or pipelines under analysis. A hierarchy presents therefore as an insight to the process of managing risks in pipelines and the definition of risk mitigating actions to be taken against the risks associated with each section. 

Since device manufacturers have to take increased responsibility for the interoperability and external interfaces of their critical products, they might do so by extending the required EC 14971 - compliant risk management [5] beyond device boundaries. The extended risk management covers interface safety, interface usage and network security aspects as well as definition and application of appropriate risk mitigation techniques (see Fig. 1). 

The Center for Chemical Process Safety s projects fall into a number of general topic areas that comprise a comprehensive program. These topic areas include identification of hazards and analysis of risks, prevention and mitigation of the hazards identified, and better definition of areas affected by a release of hazardous materials. This book is the latest in the series dealing with hazard identification and risk analysis. 

Procedural controls, process controls, 98-99 Process controls, 96-100 active controls, 98 inherently safer approach, 97 mitigation techniques, 99 passive controls, 97-98 procedural controls, 98-99 safe operating limits, 99-100 Process definition, documentation, 102-104 Process design, documentation, 105 Process hazard analysis (PHA) risk assessment, 92-93 screening methods, 63 Process risk management decisions, documentation, 105-106... 

Societal risk is a measure of Uie risk to a group of people. It is most often expressed in terms of a frequency distribution of multiple casualty events and it can also be expressed in teniis similar to individual risk. Tlie calculation of societal risk requires the same frequency and consequence information as individual risk. For example, die likelihood of 10 fatalities at a specific location is a t pe of societal risk measure. Additionally, societal risk estimation requires a definition of the population at risk around tlie facility. Tliis definition can include die population tjpe (e.g., residential, industrial, school), tlie likelihood of people being present, or mitigation factors. 

The definition tells us that a SIS may be responsible for shutdown functions, permissive functions, and even consequence reduction (mitigation) functions. AU these functions have a common attribute — they aU reduce risk. One common interpretation of a SIS definition is, therefore, "automatic risk reduction systems." In some cases the function is designed to reduce risk by decreasing the likelihood of a potential hazard. In some cases the function will decrease risk by reducing the magnitude of the consequence. 

The enterprise shall establish the models, simulations, or prototypes needed to support requirements definition, analyze the system architecture and design, mitigate identified risks, and thereby ensure that the final product satisfies market needs, requirements, and constraints. This effort supports the assessment of system functional and performance characteristics, producibility, supportability, environmental impact, and human systems engineering issues such as maintainability, usability, operability, and safety. 

The enterprise shall mitigate subsystem-level risks that were assessed to be critical to subsystem development during system definition, and shall assess and mitigate assembly risks associated with each subsystem. For critical subsystem/assembly risks, simulations, scale model tests, or prototype tests should be used to demonstrate mitigation to an acceptable risk level with respect to cost, schedule, and/or performance. The enterprise should assess component risks and prioritize critical risks based on the probability of occmrence and related consequences to cost, schedule, and/or performance. 

Following a whole definition, risk shall be said as the cross operation of the happening frequency for a hazardous associate scenario by the corresponding consequences, as this scenario come to really occur. So, the mitigation acts shall aim the reduction of the undesirable event frequencies or the consequences at all. 

Regression testing must always include the risk related test , which is a nickname, a short definition, for the set of tests that verify the effieacy of the mitigations. The V V proeess is made of eight sub-proeesses, each of which has risk analysis as an input. The process is defined to comply with ISO 62304 (ISO 2006), ISO 14971 (ISO 2007) and also guidelines issued by FDA (FDA 2002) to... 

From the foregoing two definitions one can conclude that PHA is a set of well Organized and systematic (meaning following a certain mle) mles to identify and characterize each of the possible hazards in the process, then to assess them and prioritize them. These must be communicated suitably with basic recommendations for mitigation and control. This means that in PHA, corrective measures are also identified to improve safety and this is communicated as recommendations. So, PHA is the foundation for process safety studies, and a risk management program to save the assets and control adverse effects to people and the environment. 

For technical purposes, a hazard can be defined as the existence of a specific set of system conditions that form a unique potential mishap event. In other words, a hazard is an existing system state that is dormant, but which has the potential to result in a mishap when the inactive hazard state components are actualized. A hazard is a potential mishap, and a mishap is an UE that has occurred as a result of an actualized hazard. This more technical definition is necessary because in order to mitigate the risk presented by a hazard, all of the components and parameters comprising the hazard must be identified and understood. 

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