Resources, industrial develop

In addition to the health risks, nitrogen dioxide in reaction to textile dyes can cause fading or yellowing of fabrics. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide can also weaken fabrics or reduce their affinity for certain dyes. Industry has devoted considerable resources to developing textiles and dyes resistant to nitrogen oxide exposure. 

Urban, rural and industrial developments may have profound effects on the surrounding environment. Such effects can defeat the object of development, in that the negative environmental impact may outweigh the benefits. In the case of natural resources, inappropriate development may even destroy the resource base. If environmental matters are accorded adequate consideration during the planning and management of development programs and projects it is possible for pollutants to be assimilated. As a result, the whole development can be accommodated by the environment in such a way that adverse effects are minimized and the economic and social benefits of development are maximized. 

The acceptability of some industrial and ephemeral development projects such as landfill or mineral extraction may depend upon an ability to restore the landscape after exploitation has been completed. As more rural development projects come to fruition, ecologists will become increasingly involved in resource management to ensure that yields are sustained and to avert the undesirable consequences of development. Some industrial developments and rearranged plant layout schemes will not be complicated, but when ecology studies are needed, the employment of specialist consultants is recommended. 

Growing public interest in the conservation of an intact environment can be observed. A general consensus on the fundamental limits in the magnimde and accessibility of many crucial natural resources is developing in many areas concerning industrial production. Fewer raw materials and less energy must be used in a future economy. 

Sustainable development is the challenge of meeting human needs for natural resources, industrial... 

Most industrially developed nations have government agencies that assess risk to human health and the environment resulting from the manufacture and use of chemical substances. Industry, consultants, academics, and the research community also undertake such assessments. For example, in the U.S., the Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances (OPPTS) devotes considerable resources to risk analyses in its review of commercial substances that are or will be released to the environment. Canada has a similar system, and so do most nations in the European Union and Japan. As the number of potentially hazardous substances introduced into commerce grows, maximizing the efficiency of these assessments becomes increasingly important. 

Sucrochemistry is already more than 50 years old, and has become a field of carbohydrate chemistry on its own. Indeed, considerable progress has been achieved in the monitoring of the chemical reactivity of sucrose, with the efforts of many research teams who have built on the steps of a few pioneers. Many sucrose derivatives can now be prepared, and sophisticated synthons as well as simple substituted compounds have been reported. However, only a few examples have yet reached the level of the industrial development, and these are mainly in the field of food and cosmetic additives and surfactants. Various polymers, additives for materials, and some chemical intermediates have also been produced. Bioconversions are certainly a major avenue for using sucrose as a starting material, and ethanol production will increase as a consequence of high oil prices. Current awareness of the shortage of fossil resources emphasizes the potential for chemical transformations of sucrose in providing new uses of this abundant natural resource. 

As long as these programs are not defined too narrowly, there is no reason why a resource and effort converging management system, which is so vital for industrial development projects, should not work in applied research as well. These organizations would probably also provide a better basis to judge scientific merits which are not easily measured by the number of publications and provide chances for promotion also in applied research. 

Biomaterials Network. URL http //www.biomat.net/. Extensive Web site sponsored by several international biomaterials societies. Site is a resource center for research activity, educational initiatives, scientific events, funding opportunities, industrial developments, jobs, and more. Free registration required to access some information. 

The problem of managing the climate and environment system can be viewed as a general optimization problem how should one deploy the finite resources available to humankind to achieve a sustainable development path that optimizes the human welfare of both the present and future generations The task is to find an optimal balance between environmental protection efforts (in the forms of labor expenditures, human and capital investments, technological development, etc.) and the loss of welfare in other sectors relevant to human well-being (such as industrial development and the production of consumer goods, arising from the redeployment of the resources used to protect the environment from other economic activities). 

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