Residual resistivity

The enzyme-resistant residue left after ribonuclease action is not dialyz-able and was believed to have a high molecular weight. This has now been shown to be due not to molecular size but to electrostatic effects, and in the presence of salts the enzyme-resistant core readily dialyzes.212 Moreover, it consists of a mixture of relatively small oligonucleotides containing some di- and tri-nucleotides.96 Some of these oligonucleotides have been charac-... 

After the lift-off process, the surface of the wafer is exposed to an O2-plasma in a plasma asher to remove possible resist residues, and to activate the surface for the subsequent nitride deposition. 

The most striking difference between anaerobic and aerobic decomposition is in the nature of the end products. In aerobic decomposition the main prod-nets are CO2, NOs, 864 and resistant residues in anaerobic decomposition they are CO2, H2, CH4, N2, NH4+, H2S and various partially decomposed and humified residues. 

In contrast to the relatively simple polyxylose of Bishop,141 the polyxylose prepared by Mora nd examined by Dutton and Unrau1 7-1 9 was extremely complex. Its facile depolymerization1 7 during the early stages of hydrolysis with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid suggested the presence of D-xylofuranosyl residues. Periodate oxidation resulted in the consumption of 0.01 mole of oxidant per molecular equivalent of sugar residue, indicating the presence of periodate-resistant residues. Formaldehyde was also liberated this was believed to arise from acyclic D-xylosc residues unsubstituted at C-4 and C-5. 

Postdevelopment Treatment. Descum. A photoresist plasma descum step is typically but not always used after development. This step removes unwanted resist residues that were not cleared out during development and, in effect, increases the process latitude of the occasionally troublesome exposure-development sequence. Likewise, the descum step can smooth out minor irregularities of the resist side wall. This mild plasma treatment is done with 02 or 02-CF4 gases with low power and pressure settings, short process times, or both. The same plasma under more-vigorous conditions may be used later to strip the resist at the end of the masking operation. 

Nichols, R. H., Hohenberg, C. M., Alexander, C. M. O., Olinger, C. T. Arden, J. W. 1991 Xenon and neon from acid resistant residues of Inman and Treschitz. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 55, 2921-2936. 

Yates, P. D., Arden, J. W., Wright, I. P., Pillinger, C. T. Hutchison, R. 19926 A search for presolar material within an acid resistant residue of Greenland cryoconite. Meteoritics 27, 309-310. 

Busemann, H., Baur, H., Wider, R. (1997) Noble gas component Q in HF/HCl-resistant residues of unequilibrated chondrites. Lunar Planet. Sci., XXVIII, 183 1. 

The initial products of chemical weathering are (i) simple soluble constituents with further dependence on the species and the existing physico-chemical conditions, (ii) insoluble minerals such as clay minerals, iron-and manganese oxides and precipitates of ionically dissolved elements and (iii) highly resistant residual minerals. 

But even the relatively resistant residues are attacked by free radicals. 

The unusual features of the lipid constituents of M. tuberculosis were first observed by Aronson. The fat, as the lipids were at first termed, had acid-fast staining properties. Saponification of the fat yielded a quantity of soluble matter and a resistant residue. Aronson was able to prepare an acetate from the latter and identified the substance as an alcohol of very high molecular weight. The same author found that organic solvents removed some of the lipids with ease, these consisting largely of free fatty acids. 

Table 4 Impact Resistance (Residual Deflection (mm) and Cracking by Impact Test) ...

Yet another HRTEM study of a Murchison acid-resistant residue (MIL) showed, for the first time, carbyne in a petrographic context. An amorphous carbon matrix contained scattered 1. single-crystal cubic nanodiamonds (3-4 nm) identified by the 0.2 nm (111) /-spacing and in polycrystalline ("ring ) electron diffraction patterns ( 5% error of measurement), and... 

Murchison and Allende meteorites contained a substantial number of individual crystalline carbyne grains [21] was almost certainly incorrect. In yet another ultrathin section and acid-resistant residue of the Murchison meteorite C=C functional groups were identified but they were linked to aromatic carbons [61]. The only reliable evidence for carbyne (i.e. chaoite) in meteorites [20] suggests it formed in situ by solid-state carbon annealing that is an acceptable geological process. A tenet of cosmochemistry is that all solids initially formed by condensation from a cooling vapor phase. Whether condensation proceeded at (near) thermodynamic equilibrium, kinetically controlled, metastable equilibrium, or a combination, remains open to debate. Kinetically controlled, metastable condensation is likely for silicates [6,79] and was proposed for carbyne condensation from interstellar polycyanoacetylenes [80]. 

Exp. no. E-1007/ HMMM weight ratio Mechanical properties Methyl ethyl ketone resistance ASTM B117-6U salt-spray resistance Residual OH content of cured films, meq/100 g... 

Polysaccharides containing chromium trioxide resistant residues may be specifically degraded to yield structural information (Hoffman and Lindberg, 1980). Since this procedure has found limited application in the study of plant polysaccharides, it will not be considered further. 

When cellulase acts on cellulose, the most susceptible portions are rapidly digested, and the residue becomes increasingly resistant to enzyme action. Cellulases produced on different substrates vary in their ratios of Cx to Ci action (Table IV). We hoped, therefore, that use of the resistant residues remaining after enzyme attack, as a substrate for enzyme production, might result in a preparation having a high activity on resistant cellulose. This would have additional advantages in a prac-... 

Xenon in acid residues of iron meteorites. Murty et al. (1983) analyzed noble gases in acid-resistant residues from the Canyon Diablo and Campo del Cielo (El Taco) meteorites and found in the nonmagnetic fractions xenon that was air-like except for " Xe and Xe. The relative abundance of these isotopes is lower than in air (in which their abundance already is the lowest among well known solar system reservoirs) by up to 15%. Murty et al. (1983) suggest that this xenon may constitute presolar nebular matter which was trapped in micro-inclusions of iron meteorites. 

The main immersion-specific lithography defects reported in the literature fall into these general types particles, bubbles, water marks, extra patterns, resist residues, line thinning and swelling, bridging, B ARC blobs, and aerosols. Although the nature, origins, formation mechanisms, and effects of immersion defects... 

Several other polysaccharides show a stepwise response similar to that of snail galactan, in that polymeric products decreasing in size were isolated from successive Barry degradations. In these polysaccharides also, the periodate-resistant residues are assembled without interruption over large regions of a highly ramified molecule. 

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