Carbon solid state

Jacob, M., Palmqvist, U., Alberius, P.C.A., Ekstrom, T., Nygren, M., and Lidin, S. Synthesis of structurally controlled nanocarbons—in particular the nanobarrel carbon. Solid State Sci. 5, 2003 133-137. 

Clearly these features make silicon NMR spectroscopy a valuable technique in examining the microstructure of silica and its derivatives (36-40). However, almost no difference in chemical shift is seen between a silicon atom that has an alkoxy and one that has a hydroxy group bonded to it. Carbon solid-state NMR spectroscopy is useful to determine the presence of alkoxy groups and to detect the carbon atoms of a coupling agent if present. 

In the course of the research into the synthesis of diamond under metastable conditions, a new class of materials, diamond-hke carbon and hydrocarbon phases, have been discovered. The diamond-like hydrocarbons (aC H) are generated by the RF self-bias method, a technique derived from RF sputtering, developed by L. Holland [61,62]. The molecular ions, derived from the particular hydrocarbon used in the plasma, disintegrate upon colliding with the substrate surface resulting in the formation of diamond-like hydrocarbon films [63]. The main structural feature of diamond-like hydrocarbons is the presence of both sp - and sp -carbon. Solid-state NMR-investigations revealed that the material contains sp -carbon atoms of the form -C-H or H-C-H [6]. 

Shimada, S. A Thermoanalytical Study on the Oxidation ofZrC and HfC Powders with Formation of Carbon, Solid State Ionics, [149] 319-326 (2002). 

Sasaki, Y. Takehara, M. Watanabe, S. Oshima, M. Nanbu, N. Ue, M., Electrolytic behavior and application to lithium batteries of monofluorinated dimethyl carbonate. Solid State Ionics 2006,177, 299-303. 

Shlmada S (2001) Interfacial reaction on oxidation of carbides with formation of carbon. Solid State Ionics 141-142 99-104... 

Jacob, M. et aL Synthesis of structurally controlled nanocarbons—In particular the nanobarrel carbon. Solid State Sciences 5, 133-137, 2003. 

Smith, M.J., Silva, M.M., Cerqueira, S., and MacCallum, J.R. (2001) Preparation and characterization of a lithium ion conducting electrolyte based on poly (trimethylene carbonate). Solid State Ionics, 140, 345-351. 

Shimada S, A thennoanalytical study on the oxidation of ZrC and HfC powders with formation of carbon . Solid State Ionics, 2002 149 319-326. 

Prassides K, Kroto FI W, Taylor R, Walton D R M, David W I F, Tomkinson J, Fladdon R C, Rosseinsky M J and Murphy D W 1992 Fullerenes and fullerites in the solid state neutron soattering studies Carbon 8 1277-86... 

Silicon is prepared commercially by heating silica and carbon in an electric furnace, using carbon electrodes. Several other methods can be used for preparing the element. Amorphous silicon can be prepared as a brown powder, which can be easily melted or vaporized. The Gzochralski process is commonly used to produce single crystals of silicon used for solid-state or semiconductor devices. Hyperpure silicon can be prepared by the thermal decomposition of ultra-pure trichlorosilane in a hydrogen atmosphere, and by a vacuum float zone process. 

The austenite phase which can contain up to 1.7 wt% of carbon decomposes on cooling to yield a much more dilute solution of carbon in a-iroii (b.c.c), Fenite , together with cementite, again rather diaii the stable carbon phase, at temperatures below a solid state eutectoid at 1013 K (Figure 6.3). 

These materials have been prepared by polymerisation of p-halothiophenoxide metal compounds both in the solid state and in solution. They have also been prepared by condensation of p-dichlorobenzene with elemental sulphur in the presence of sodium carbonate while the commercial polymers are said to be produced by the reaction of p-dichlorobenzene with sodium sulphide in a polar solvent. 

TT-Electron materials, which are defined as those having extended Jt-electron clouds in the solid state, have various peculiar properties such as high electron mobility and chemical/biological activities. We have developed a set of techniques for synthesizing carbonaceous K-electron materials, especially crystalline graphite and carbon nanotubes, at temperatures below 1000°C. We have also revealed new types of physical or chemical interactions between Jt-electron materials and various other materials. The unique interactions found in various Jt-electron materials, especially carbon nanotubes, will lay the foundation for developing novel functional, electronic devices in the next generation. 

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