Recovery, residue

Anode Residue Recovery. Approximately 10% of the plutonium present in a Pu- lwt% Ga electrorefining feed, ends up in the anode residue. This residue also contains most of the impurities which were present in the metal feed. The following pyrochemical processes have been considered for recovering plutonium from this residue. 

After a study of the three alternatives we concluded that pyroredox offered the most promise for anode residue recovery. Pyroredox is a molten-salt process in which plutonium metal is oxidized chemically into the salt phase and then reduced chemically into the metal phase. Most of the impurities are not oxidized and remain in the metal residue. Thus, for a Pu-Ga anode residual, the reactions would be ... 

Empirical evidence supporting the role of soil micro-layer losses in zero-time issues is given by the often-seen rise in post zero-time residue recoveries. The improved recoveries likely result from the micro-layer residue redistribution that reduces losses of the highly concentrated surface residues. There has been some speculation that zerotime core recoveries may be due to volatilization losses not measured by standard laboratory studies. If this were the case, however, increases in residue concentrations would not occur over time since volatilized residues would be lost to the atmosphere. ... 

Methods found for the determination of diazinon in animal products also used homogenization with a polar organic solvent as the first step in residue recovery. Toyoda et al. (1990) isolated diazinon from milk via partition into methylene chloride after extraction of the milk with 70% acetonitrile in water. Based on GC/FPD, an LOD of 10 ppb and a recovery of 89% (3.8% relative standard deviation) at 100 ppb were reported. Diazinon residues in eggs were studied (Leoni et al. 1992) after blending the eggs with acetone and partitioning into dichloromethane and acetone followed by C18-silica SPE. Based on GC/FPD analysis, an LOD of 1 ppb and a recovery of 93% at 13 ppb were reported. 

Hydrazine dihydrochloride, 92 Hydrazine residues, recovery of, 92 Hydrazine sulfate, 90, 92 Hydrazoic acid, 77, 78 Hydriodic acid, 157, 159 by action of iodine on hydrogen sulfide, 157 constant boiling, 158 fuming, 162 stabilization of, 159 Hydrobromic acid, 151, 152, 155 constant boiling, 155... 

Hexamminenickel(II) iodide, 3 194 Hydrates, nomenclature of, 2 264 Hydrazidicarbamide, 4 26 Hydrazine, 1 90 and derivatives, from hydroxyl-amine-O-sulfonic acid, 5 124 derivatives of, by reduction of A -nitrosohydroxylamine-Ar-sulfonates, 6 121 residues, recovery of, 1 92 Hydrazine dihydrochloride, 1 92 Hydrazine urazolate, formation of, in preparation of urazole, 5 53, 54... 

The recovery of silvex acid and the PGBE ester from three soil types is shown in Table II. Residue recovery from Florida muck was substantially less than recovery from the Piedmont Plateau and Coastal Plain soils. However, differences within soil types are less apparent. The statistical significance of these data was investigated in the same manner as described for water samples. The D values are given in Table II. 

Thus far, only differences in accuracy have been discussed. The variance values owing to differences among triplicate analyses provide some precision. Among all formulations and concentrations, the mean squares obtained from the analyses of variance were 0.07, 0.13, 0.07, 0.53, and 1.48. The last two values are for ester and acid recovery from Florida muck, respectively. Therefore, residue recovery from muck, in addition to being the least accurate and sensitive, is also the least precise. 

The precision of the method used for residue recovery from water was essentially the same regardless of concentration or formulation. Thus, in spite of differences in accuracy, the data can be corrected to give reliable estimates of residue levels between 0.001 and 1 p.p.m. 

Catalytic cracking at 200-250°C and Ibar with metal catalyst Low-temperature pyrolysis (550°C) in a rotary kiln. Subsequent gasification with pure oxygen (at flame temperature of 1400-2000°C and at a pressure of 2-50 bar) of dedusted gas, cooled condensates and water-quenched, screened and pulverized coke-like residues. Recovery of obtained syngas or its combustion in a boiler, gas turbine or engine... 

Development of other densification methods for certain agricultural residues is expected to lead to improvements in soil growth characteristics as well as advanced residue recovery systems for energy applications. For example, cotton is a major crop in the state of Arizona. State law requires that cotton plant residue must be buried to prevent it from serving as an overwintering site for insect pests such as the pink bollworm. Research is underway to develop two... 

The mentioned assays led to atrazine residue recoveries between 25 and 1000%, which is a variation that might be due to the high complexity of the sample matrix and the non-homogeneity of the standards used [77]. Improved characteristics were obtained after a better characterization of the used standards [78]. A further improvement was achieved by replacing the anti-humic acid antibodies, used for capturing the analjde, with basic proteins [79,80]. These are easily available and have the advantage that a broader variety of humic acids can be bound therefore, the assay should be independent of the composition of a particular soil. The use of this assay format improved both the sensitivity and signal intensity. 

The parent compounds and the metabolites have very low aqueous, solubility. They have proven difficult to extract from some matrices the current method for ivermectin involves some 41 concentration and clean-up steps preceding HPLC (8). A Merck method for recovering abamectin residues from strawberries and formation of fluorescent derivatives for HPLC analysis has 18 separate steps (9). A recently published two-step solid-phase recovery procedure for ivermectin from serum indicates that it is possible to combine an abbreviated concentration and cleanup method with a sensitive and specific detection system in this case, liquid chromatography (10). An immunoassay for avermectins that could be interfaced with simplified residue recovery protocols is a promising solution to the intensifying demands on regulatory agencies to monitor these compounds. 

Our initial results indicate that greatly simplified and shortened extraction schemes are feasible for EIA of ivermectin in meat and abamectin in strawberries. However, considerable work remains before the liver and strawberry residue recovery methods are reduced to standard protocols, tested, and validated. A temporary tolerance level of 100 ppb for abamectin in citrus was set by the EPA in July 1988 (40 CFR 1, sec. 186.300). The Section 18 Emergency Exemption for use of abamectin on strawberries in California had a tolerance of 20 ppb. The... 

The avermectins have been known for only about a decade, but this family of antibiotics has proven to be virtually non-toxic to humans and enormously beneficial in a surprisingly wide variety of medical, veterinary, and agricultural applications. As their use increases, so will their dispersal in the environment, and the exposure of consumers and agricultural workers. We are hopeful that the MAbe and ELA we have developed, in conjunction with simple, efficient residue recovery methods, will fill the growing need for rapid, inexpensive monitoring of avermectins in large numbers of samples. 

Notably, substantial recovery from allodynia is still present days to weeks after effective L infusions (Chaplan et al 1995, Sinnott et al 1999) whilst the peri-infusional relief by R-M is not followed by any residual recovery (Sinnott et al 2000), implying that separate mechanisms may underlie the acute and the persistent therapeutic phases. 

The next possibility for very deep co-processing of crude oil residues and plastics is one that also involves vacuum residue recovery. The main idea of this method is shown in the schematic in Figure 9.19. 

Table 13-1 shows the T, and for several compounds. Table 13-2, p. 140, shows the type of pesticide residue recoveries that can be obtained from foods. 

One can see that after the first recovery of 76% (from the instant deflection), the recovery after reloading with 2.5 X design load for 24 h was 69% total, or 82% from the first residual recovery. 

It now is considered mandatory that a nuclear processing plant should be designed to prevent accidental achievement of a critical nuclear reaction. Some residue recovery operations had not had this characteristic in the past and one low-level criticality accident has been reported in the United Kingdom (1) in such a plant. 

Formulations Released (%) Soluble residue (%) Insoluble residue (%) Recovery (%)... 

In summary, a coordinated eHbrt between our three laboratories and the CDFA has resulted in development of MAbs, a sensitive, economical EIA, and simple, efficient residue recovery methods that CDFA analytical chemists are now validating, for integration into their repertoire of tests for regulatory... 

The foundry process involves the use, consumption, combination and mixing of various material types. BAT requires the minimisation of raw materials consumption and the furthering of residue recovery and recycling. Therefore, BAT is to optimise the management and control of internal flows. 

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