Recovery from water

Water (1000 mL) is transferred into a 2-L separatory funnel and extracted with two portions of 50 mL of dichloromethane for 30 min with a mechanical shaker, and the extracts are collected in a 200-mL Erlenmeyer flask. The combined extracts are filtered through anhydrous sodium sulfate into a 300-mL round-bottom flask and evaporated to dryness with a rotary evaporator under vacuum. The residue is dissolved in 1 mL of n-hexane and an aliquot is analyzed by GC/NPD or GC/lTD under the conditions described in Section 2.2.3. Recoveries from water samples fortified with 0.0002 and 0.001 mgL of pendimethalin were in the range 94-110% by GC/NPD and 91-111% by GC/lTD. The detection limit was lower than 0.0001 mgL with both methods. 

With fortification levels between 0.10 and 10 average recoveries from water... 

The recovery from water samples fortified with fluthiacet-methyl at 2.0 M-gkg was 92%. The limit of detection was 0.05 ugkg 7... 

It is now well established through studies in many laboratories throughout the world that foam injection shows considerable promise as an agent for the improvement of oil recovery from watered-out. porous media, and for the diversion of the flow of other oil-displacing fluids from more permeable paths into less permeable paths in the medium<1). Whilst the reasons for the effectiveness of foam for these purposes are not. completely clear, the explanation is thought to lie in the behaviour of the foam lamellae... 

Itakura, T., Sasai, R. and Itoh, H. (2006) Arsenic recovery from water containing arsenic ions by hydrothermal mineralization. Chemistry Letters, 35(11), 1270-71. 

Organochlorine insecticides and polychlorobiphenyls Electron capture Discussion on sample preservation clean up and recovery from water [111]... 

The precision of the method used for residue recovery from water was essentially the same regardless of concentration or formulation. Thus, in spite of differences in accuracy, the data can be corrected to give reliable estimates of residue levels between 0.001 and 1 p.p.m. 

Almost complete recovery of the solvent is essential, and higher boiling solvents makes this easier, but all but about 1% of the methanol may be recovered in a suitable closed system. Methanol is distilled readily for its recovery from water and from aqueous sugar solutions. Distillation of acetic acid, if used as a solvent, removes water- also from the dissolved impurities and leaves a first molasses. (Other methods of separation of the solvent may be used.)... 

Petruzzelli, D., et al. (1998). Aluminum recovery from water clarifier sludges by ion exchange. Reactive Functional Polymers. 38, 2-3, 227-236. 

A fundamental understanding of the DMP requires knowledge of both the ion transport through an ion-exchange membrane and the Donnan equihbrium, the latter indicating the maximum allowable transfer of ions that can take place. The underlying concept can be better explained through an example. This example is also relevant in the context of the objectives of the research, which is alum recovery from water treatment plant residuals [26]. 

Diffusion dialysis process was very briefly studied in the current research. A detailed study of acid recovery from water treatment plant residuals can be a subject of research. 

SenGupta, A.K., Li, P., and Cumbal, L. Selective alum recovery from water treatment residuals. AWWA Research Foundation, Denver, CO, ISBN 0-89867-899-4, 140 pp, 1997. 

Prakash, P. and SenGupta, A.K. Selective coagulant recovery from water treatment plant residuals using Donnan membrane process. Environ. Sci. TechnoL, 37, 4468M-474, 2003. 

SenGupta, A.K. and Prakash, P. Process for Selective Coagulant Recovery from Water Treatment Plant Sludge. United States Patent... 

Flotation Process for Calcium Carbonate Recovery from Water Treatment Sludges... 

H. A. Dawson, Flotation process used for calcium carbonate recovery from water treatment sludges. Water Treatment Plant Design. Ann Arbor Science, MI, 1979, pp. 105-124. 

The subject of salt effects on the freezing process is not new. Nevertheless, despite many years of study, it is still an inadequately understood process (12). Recent applications of the freeze concentration technique to inorganic recovery from water have been reported (2, 9, 10, 16). Many of these studies were prompted by a communication (J5)... 

The production of FF involves its recovery from a dilute aqueous solution, so much work has been done on its recovery from water. As Fig. 16.37 shows, its water azeotrope splits into two phases with an improvement in the recovery of FF-rich phase at low temperature. At 25 °C, the FF-rich phase has a density of about 1.14 and the water-rich phase 1.013, so an... 

Keeley, J., Jarvis, P, Judd, S.J., 2014. Coagulant recovery from water treatment residuals a review of applicable technologies. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44 (2014), 2675-2719. 

Secondary oil recovery by spontaneous imbibition of water into low-permeable fractured chalk is a well accepted method to improve the oil recovery from water- to mixed-wet rock material [2], Normally, this process is driven by capillary forces, and it may seem a little strange to lower the capillary forces by adding surfactants to the injected water. In the same way as the viscous forces will mobilize capillary trapped water-flooded oil, the gravity forces may be active in displacing the oil by spontaneous imbibition at low IFT [3]. A crossover from a capillary forced spontaneous imbibition (counter-current flow) to a gravity forced imbibition (cocurrent flow) is observed by decreasing the IFT. The status and recent advances in the research in this area will be included in this presentation as well. 

Boonyasuwat S, Chavadej S, Malakul P, Scamehorn J F (2003), Anionic and cationic surfactant recovery from water using a multistage foam fractionator , Chem. Eng. J., 93, 241-252. 

Tharapiwattananon, N., J. F. Scamehom, S. Osuwan, J. H. Harwell, K. J. Haller, Surfactant recovery from water using foam fractionation, Sep. Sci. Technol., 1996,3/, 1233-1258. Kumpabooth, K., J. F. Scamehom, S. Osuwan, J. H. Harwell, Surfactant recovery from water using foam fractionation effect of temperature and added salt, Sep. Sci. Technol, 1999,34, 157-172. 

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