Research proposals, analysis

In the words of a recent paper on MSE education (Flemings and Cahn 2000), chemistry departments have historically been interested in individual atoms and molecules, but increasingly they are turning to condensed phases . A report by the National Research Council (of the USA) in 1985 highlighted the opportunities for chemists in the materials field, and this was complemented by the NRC s later analysis (MSE 1989) which, inter alia, called for much increased emphasis on materials synthesis and processing. As a direct consequence of this recommendation, the National Science Foundation (of the USA) soon afterwards issued a formal call for research proposals in materials synthesis and processing (Lapporte 1995), and by that time it can be said that materials chemistry had well and truly arrived, in the... 

There should be an oral presentation towards the end of the semester to the management (which is your classmates, the professor, and the invitees) on your business plan for a proposed new product on the innovative product idea, on market and technology analysis, on the financial and environmental analysis, and on your recommended action. Be prepared to answer searching questions from your management, and to hear constructive comments intended to improve your research, your analysis, your recommendation, and your presentation skills. If time permits, it would be useful to take all the comments and constructive suggestions into consideration, and make a second oral presentation. The product design project concludes with the submission of a written report, which would be in parallel with the traditional process design project. 

Phase IV studies can also take the form of retrospective pooled analyses which are designed to reflect the totality of clinical research experience with a new drug which is usually obtained via analysis of pooled clinical trial databases. Such data-mining efforts should not be considered inferior to data obtained from the conduct of an individual clinical trial. In fact, there are substantial benefits of such an approach, as the results of a given trial, especially if the end point is not prespecified to be primary because of power limitations, can be a function of chance. To assure that the results obtained from pooled analyses are not biased, a prespecified data analysis plan is often formulated as the first step, outlining the clear goals of the proposed analysis as well as its methodology. Key to this type of analysis is the definition of the outcome measure. Both efficacy and safety measures can be the focus of these types of analyses. 

Lehman proposed in 1891 that the crystallization of an organic compound from its own melt was characteristic for that material (4). Lehman also described the mixed fusion assay for the qualitative determination of the phase diagram for compounds. Although almost completely ignored for 50 years, Lehman s work has been shown to have many applications in research and analysis (3). 

The third most common method for collecting data in qualitative research designs is known as document analysis. While the thoughts, words, and actions of research subjects are essential, generating thick description requires a complete description of the context in which these dioughts and words are formed and actions take place. Course syllabi, copies of lab experiments, copies of student evaluation forms, and copies of research proposals are typical examples of documents gathered to analyze in a qualitative research design. 

It seems to me that stability analysis of periodic orbits is a powerful tool which has yet to be fully utilised. The discussion in sec. IV.c is really more a research proposal than a review. No one has yet studied the stability of periodic orbits in 3D systems. The study presented in this paper is simplified since only collinear like potential energy surfaces were used. What happens in a system like LiFH whose minimum energy path is certainly not collinear ... 

Research methods - It involve the forms of data collection, analysis, and interpretation that researchers propose for their studies. 

Cite the following fact to illustrate the difficulties in the phase analysis of polymer systems. For the poly(vinyl alcohol)- -water system, some researchers propose a state diagram of amorphous phase separation with an upper critical solution temperature, others — ainor]>hons separation with a lower critical solution temperature about 100 C there are some who think that there is no region of amorphous separation below 150 -instead, they observe liquid-crystal phase separation. Such are the discrepancies on the basic question of thermodynamics ... 

The mechanical properties of single cellulose fibers (flax, ramie, jute, hemp, cotton, rayon, etc.) are considerable lower than of axial orientated nanofibrils, it is connected with deflection of nanofibrillar bundles from the fiber axis and structural defects. Some researchers proposed a correlation between axial mechanical characteristics of the fibers and cos MFA, where MFA is microfibril angle (Fakirov et al. 2007). However, the detailed analysis showed that between axial mechanical properties of single cellulose fibers (Zf) and MFA, an exponential dependence takes place (Fig. 7.39) ... 

A high number of researchers propose the use of liquid-liquid extraction as a separation step. Sohd-phase extraction (SPE) is also used for instance, organic acids as 18)S-glycyrrhetinic and glycyrrhizinic acids (Andrisano et al, 1993) have been determined in toothpaste by LC and glycolic acid (Scalia, 1998) has been determined in shampoo, day cream and gel by LC, after SPE. Sohd-phase microextraction (SPME) is stiU less used in cosmetic analysis, an example is the determination of toxic contaminants in shampoos by GC (Wala Jerzykiewicz and Szymanowski, 1998). 

Analysis of Research Proposals. The Army Medical Reseetrch and Development Command supports research in the directed synthesis of screening candidates. Twice yearly the Division of Eiqperi-mental Therapeutics reviews synthesis proposals. The proposed structures in each proposal are entered into the data base in the "XR" series and are also entered as identity searches to determine whether or not the compounds are already on hetnd cuid to identify duplication among the proposals. In addition, substructure searches for the major classes of compounds proposed are also run. Matches from both the identity eind sub-structure searches are then used to query the biology auid inventory files. The reviewer is presented with a report sequenced by proposal number providing him with all available information on the availability and activity of all specific compounds emd classes of compounds in each proposal. A similar procedure is used by contract monitors to review progress on synthesis contracts cind to prevent duplication of effort. 

The conducted researches of complexing processes of noble metals on a sulfur-containing CMSG surface formed the basis for development of sorption-photometric, sorption-luminescent, soi ption-atomic-absoi ption, sorption-atomic-emission and sorption-nuclear-physic techniques of the analysis of noble metals in rocks, technological objects and environmental objects. Techniques of separation and detenuination of noble metals in various oxidation levels have been proposed in some cases. 

We recommend that consideration be given to the statistical considerations involved in both the design and analysis of proposed research studies prior to commencing the study. 

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