Residual values

A mortgage is a bond in which specific real assets are pledged as security. A senior mortgage has a prior claim on assets. A junior mortgage is normally a second mortgage on the residual value of the assets. A blanket mortgage is a pledge on all real property owned by a company. 

Electrical Properties at Low Temperatures The eleciiical resistivity of most pure metalhc elements at ambient and moderately low temperatures is approximately proportional to the absolute temperature. At very low temperatures, however, the resistivity (with the exception of superconductors) approaches a residual value almost independent of temperature. Alloys, on the other hand, have resistivities much higher than those of their constituent elements and resistance-temperature coefficients that are quite low. The electrical resistivity of alloys as a consequence is largely independent of temperature and may often be of the same magnitude as the room temperature value. 

Liver is 1 of the tissues most frequently analyzed for contaminant residne in wildlife, but maybe 1 of the least useful because of the poor correlation between fiver mercniy concentration and effects, and because of the tendency of the liver to accumulate mercury over time (Stewart et al. 1999 Scheuhammer et al. 2001). Liver is a major site of demethylation therefore, the proportion of fiver mercury present as MeHg is not representative of exposure to MeHg. Moreover, most mercury in fiver is botmd to metallothionein or other suUydryl-bearing proteins, which immobilize it (Med-insky and Klaassen 1996 Yasutake etal. 1997 Aschner 1999). Therefore, fiver mercury residue values must be used with caution, and only when more suitable tissues are unavailable. 

The target number of commodity samples to be obtained in the OPMBS was 500, as determined using statistical techniques. A sample size of 500 provided at least 95% confidence that the 99th percentile of the population of residues was less than the maximum residue value observed in the survey. In other words, a sample size of 500 was necessary to estimate the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval around the 99th percentile of the population of residues. 

An example of adequate sample homogenization is given in Table 4. The experiment was conducted with two replicate treated soil samples. Each replicate was analyzed in duplicate. Three different sample aliquots (2, 5 and 10 g) were used from each replicate. Analyses of controls and fortified samples were also conducted concurrently with treated samples to evaluate method performance (i.e., extraction recoveries). These results show that residue values are the same regardless of sample size. Thus, thorough homogenization of soil samples coupled with mgged analytical methodology provides for satisfactory residue analysis. 

Net recoveries of cyfluthrin from matrices fortified at 0.01-5.05 mg kg ranged from 77 to 119%. The limit of detection (LOD) is defined as the lowest concentration that can be determined to be statistically different from a blank or control. Calculate the value by taking the standard deviation of the residue values from the analysis of the recovery samples at the limit of quantification (LOQ) and using the equation... 

The solvent triangle classification method of Snyder Is the most cosDBon approach to solvent characterization used by chromatographers (510,517). The solvent polarity index, P, and solvent selectivity factors, X), which characterize the relative importemce of orientation and proton donor/acceptor interactions to the total polarity, were based on Rohrscbneider s compilation of experimental gas-liquid distribution constants for a number of test solutes in 75 common, volatile solvents. Snyder chose the solutes nitromethane, ethanol and dloxane as probes for a solvent s capacity for orientation, proton acceptor and proton donor capacity, respectively. The influence of solute molecular size, solute/solvent dispersion interactions, and solute/solvent induction interactions as a result of solvent polarizability were subtracted from the experimental distribution constants first multiplying the experimental distribution constant by the solvent molar volume and thm referencing this quantity to the value calculated for a hypothetical n-alkane with a molar volume identical to the test solute. Each value was then corrected empirically to give a value of zero for the polar distribution constant of the test solutes for saturated hydrocarbon solvents. These residual, values were supposed to arise from inductive and... 

Surface residues of parathion on peaches were 4- to 15-fold higher than for comparable schedules on apples or pears, possibly because of the higher initial deposits retained on the more retentive surfaces of these fruits. Surface residues of DDT on peaches were also higher than those which would be expected to result from comparable schedules on apples and pears. Typical residue values for peaches are shown in Table V. 

The quantitative estimation of available residue data from the published literature may be investigated in a further step, and these data may then be used to calculate the initial residue on the day of application (after drying of the spray mixture). An assessment of literature data by Schrader (1994) has revealed an initial dislodgeable foliar residue (DFR) below or around 1 ug/cm2/kg active substance (a.s.)/ha, if the residue values are corrected for a standard rate of 1 kg a.s./ha. 

Product performance dictated that the initial adhesion values remain within lower and upper limits while the aged adhesion and residue values have minimum and maximum limits respectively. With these considerations in mind, the experimenter established the following ranges on each response ... 

The thin-layer configuration and its associated diffusion problems means that it is possible to oxidise (or reduce) all of the electroactive species in the thin layer before they can be replenished to any marked degree. Consider, for example, the 0"+/0 couple, with a standard redox potential well within the "electrochemical window of the solvent, so that the current in the absence of the couple is small and can easily be accounted for. With the electrode pushed against the window the potential is stepped cathodic enough to ensure the rapid reduction of the 0" + and the current measured as a function of time, the concentration such that the time for the current to reach zero, or a steady residual value, is small. If the area under the I ft curve is A ampere seconds, then the charge passed Q = A coulombs. Thus, the number of moles of 0"+ reduced, N0, is given by ... 

To determine when a solution is converged usually involves examining the residual values. The residual value is a measure of the imbalance in the discretized equation, summed over all the computational cells in the domain. Residuals can be obtained for continuity, velocity components, and turbulence variables. Again, it is common practice to set a cut-off value for the normalized residual values. When the set value is reached, the iteration process is stopped. Our experience with packed-tube simulations, especially if low... 

Data are scarce in mammals that link zinc concentrations in tissues with environmental zinc perturbations. In harbor porpoises, impaired homeostasis reportedly occurs when zinc exceeds 100 mg/kg FW liver however, livers of many species of marine mammals routinely exceed this value (Wood and Van Vleet 1996). Elevated zinc concentrations, in mg Zn/kg DW tissue, were >120 in cattle liver, >180 in sheep kidney, and >250 in sheep liver (Table 9.9), but their significance is unclear. No international regulations or guidelines applicable to zinc are available (USPHS 1989). No U.S. Food and Drug Administration action level or other maximum acceptable concentration exists for zinc, and therefore no Final Residue Value can be calculated (USEPA 1987). This seems to be a high priority research need. 

Figure 3.10 Comparison of residual values, cA,ca/c CA,exP for first- and second-order fits of data in Example 3-8...

Mirex was detected in water samples taken in 1972 from areas in Mississippi that had been aerially treated with mirex to control the imported red fire ant (Spence and Markin 1974). Water samples taken from the bottom of a pond showed residue values that remained higher and more constant than those taken from the surface of the pond. Water showed the highest residues immediately after treatment (bottom, 0.53 pg/L [ppb] surface, 0.02 pg/L [ppb]), and detectable levels were still present as long as 3 months after treatment (bottom, 0.005 pg/L [ppb] surface, 0.003 pg/L [ppb]) (Spence and Markin 1974). 

Innate Thermodynamic Quantities. Certain components of the total change in AG° are innate, because such parameters have nonzero values, even when extrapolated to 0 K. Other components change with temperature e.g., at r = 0 K, TA = 0). Because A = U - TS and G = H - TS - then = Go°) = (Ao° = Uo°) at absolute zero. Except for entropy, the residual values of these quantities are the same at absolute zero, and they describe the innate thermodynamic behavior of the system. 

Residual values are expeaed to vary randomly about a line of zero slope and zero intercept. 

The studSentized residual measures how well the concentration of the rth sample is fit by the model. Large positive or negative studentized residual values indicate samples that are not fit well. In the following discussion, studentized residuals greater than 2.5 are considered to be large. This is because the studentized residuals are in units of standard deviations from the mean value, and 2.5 is unusual given standard statistical assumptions. 

The amount of carbon present in fuel components can be correlated with a tendency to form deposits in fuel systems. Although the use of various detergent and dispersant additives helps to minimize deposit formation, the carbon residue value is still quite useful. 

High-carbon-residue values for marine diesel fuel, marine gas oil, and heavy marine bunker fuel can contribute significantly to exhaust system deposit problems. Deposit formation on exhaust ports and exhaust turbines have been linked directly to high carbon residue in fuel. 

Under the conditions of this test, the presence of cetane improver may give higher-than-normal carbon residue values. 

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