Research initial phases

In the initial phase of development of endocrine disruption research, attention... 

This paper describes the initial phase of research directed toward the discovery of compounds produced by soil microorganisms, primarily actinomycetes, having potential for development as herbicides. Our interests include both new compounds, as well as previously known ones having heretofore unrecognized herbicidal properties. 

Emergency Response Guidebook A manual for first responders during the initial phase of a hazardous materials/dangerous goods incident developed under the supervision of the Office Hazardous Materials Issues and Training, Research Special Programs Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. 

In most research and development projects it is important that as many factors as possible be known. Unknown factors can be the witches and goblins of many projects - unknown factors are often uncontrolled, and as a result such systems appear to behave excessively randomly and erratically. Because of this, the initial phase of many research and development projects consists of screening a large number of input variables to see if they are factors of the system that is, to see if they have an effect on the system. 

Initial phases of this work were performed under the MDC Independent Research and Development program. The research is currently supported by AFML contract F3361 5-85-C-5024. 

In the initial phase of this pre-research, the configuration of the FIA system was examined and, because of practical and financial considerations, only one peristaltic pump was used to obtain the constant liquid flows. The flow of the process solution as well as that of the sodium hydroxide... 

Clinical protocols and investigator information—detailed protocols for proposed clinical studies to assess whether the initial-phase trials will expose subjects to unnecessary risks. Also, information on the qualifications of clinical investigators—professionals (generally physicians) who oversee the administration of the experimental compound—to assess whether they are qualified to fulfill their clinical trial duties finally, commitments to obtain informed consent from the research subjects, to obtain review of the study by an IRB, and to adhere to the IND regulations. 

Studies from our laboratory described here were supported by the Office of Naval Research, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the Department of Energy, the Bureau of Radiological Health, and the Southern California Edison Company. It is a pleasure to acknowledge their patient help and guidance throughout the difficult initial phases of this research. 

We wish to thank Y. Nakagawa for his help in the initial phase of the research described here and for many useful discussions. Our work was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant APR 72-03577 and AER 77-14529 (E.T.K.) and by National Research Service Award HS-5-BM-07151 from the National Institutes of General Medical Sciences (H.L.L.). 

To avoid or limit problems in this area after submission of the NDA, the validation of analytical methods and the conduct of stability studies should be planned from the initial phases of clinical research. This will provide the type of data approvable by FDA. The reader is directed to the Guideline for Stability Studies for Human Drugs and Biologies and the final ICH Guideline for the Stability of Drug Substance and Drug Product for assistance in fulfilling this essential requirement. 

Because not all survivors of a disaster display symptoms beyond the initial phases of recovery, researchers have become increasingly interested in the factors that might promote resiliency in the aftermath of a devastating disaster. In fact, resiliency is often the most commonly observed outcome trajectory after exposure to a potential traumatic event (Bonanno, Rennicke, Dekel, 2005). Characteristics associated with resiliency include family stability, social support, and capacity to tolerate stress and uncertainty. And while it appears that there... 

Research scientists involved in interdisicplinary research in the mission-oriented Federal Agencies must face an additional conflict between the need to write papers and the need at the agency to achieve certain objectives within a fixed time period. Often a complex choice must be made between these two demands on the scientist. On the one hand, it can be argued that the initial phases of a study were at the taxpayer s expense so they must be reported in the archival literature. On the other hand, pressing on to the fundamental goal of an adequate understanding of some process or to the development of some model may in some instances be considered of sufficient importance to override the need for and value of any interim scientific paper(s). It seems clear... 

Following the recent developments in microfabrication, a number of major research initiatives have been launched to improve our understanding of the heat transfer and fluid flow phenomena at the micro level. A survey of the literature presented below gives a brief summary of the research carried out in single-phase forced convection in microchannels mostly in the last 15-20 years. 

In the case of the recrystallization progress of the amorphous structure, the determination of the a-Si microstructure is of great importance as an initial phase in the simulations. Many researchers have proposed the preparation methods of fl-Si based on MD simulations and their computer-generated properties were in good agreement with those obtained by experiments. However, details of the microstructures have not yet fully examined [22, 23] because the calculation domain sizes in the ah initio MD simulations were quite limited [24, 25], and the preparation methods of a-Si using various simple empirical inter-atomic potentials involved unphysical treatments. 

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