Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Requirements of infants

Holman, R. T., Caster, W. O. and Wiese, H, F. 1964. The essential fatty acid requirement of infants and the assessment of their dietary intake of linoleate by serum fatty acid analysis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 14, 70-75. [Pg.208]

The high casein content of cow s milk is responsible for the formation of a large, firm curd which may be difficult for some infants to digest compared with the finer, soft curd formed from human milk. Consequently, cow s milk often is modified to conform more closely to the nutrient and physical requirements of infants (Fomon 1974). When cow s milk is heated, homogenized, or acidified to produce softer curd formation, the protein is used by infants as efficiently as that of human milk, which contains less casein than cow s milk (Fomon 1974). [Pg.350]

SCF. 2003. Scientific Committee on Food. Report on the revision of essential requirements of infant formulae and follow-on formulae (opinion expressed on April 4, 2003). [Pg.291]

Krachler et al. [91] carried out total determinations of trace elements (Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cs, Cu, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Tl, and Zn) by Q-ICP-MS in 13 formulas based on cow s and soy milk and also in Austrian cow s milk. Some essential elements, such as As, Cr, Se, and V, suffered from serious interferences from polyatomic ions and could not be determined under routine conditions by Q-ICP-MS. In this study, the authors determined only those elements for which isotopes free from serious interferences were available. Concentrations of trace elements such as Cu, Mn, and Zn in the formula powders varied considerably. As pre-formulas and follow-up formulas are partly supplemented with these essential trace elements, their concentrations proved to vary considerably depending on the commercial brand. Also, concentrations of all trace elements quantified were lower in cow s milk than in formulas, which did not meet the dietary requirements of infants. [Pg.422]

In contrast to the estimated dietary requirement of approximately 35 ug/kg/day in adults, the requirement of infants has been estimated to be 0.2-0.6 ug/kg/day (35). This difference is likely explained by the differences in degree of absorption or in excretion rates and susceptibility to Mn at different ages. Because of the vulnerability of the newborn to deficiency and excess of Mn, we have investigated Mn in various infant diets and the extent to which it is absorbed. The concentration of Mn in human milk is very low, 4-8 ug/L, as compared to 20-50 ug/L in cow s milk and 50-1300 ug/L in U.S. infant formula (6,36,37). Thus, Mn intake of breast-fed infants will be 0.5-0.9 ug/kg/day, while the intake of formula-fed infants will be considerably higher and highly variable depending on the formula used. [Pg.15]

Reference Intakes for Infants and Children For obvious ethical reasons, there have been almost no experimental studies of the vitamin requirements of infants and children. For infants, it is conventional to use the nutrient yield of breast milk and assume that this is equal to or greater than requirements. Although this is termed an RNI in U.K. tables (Table 1.5), in the U.S./Canadian tables (Table 1.7), it is more correctly referred to as an acceptable intake. [Pg.23]

Vitamin Be requirements have been estimated both by isotopic tracer studies to determine turnover of the body pool (Section 9.6.1) and also by depletion/ repletion studies using a variety of indices of status (Section 9.6.2). These studies have generally been conducted on young adults, and there is inadequate information to determine the requirements of elderly people, because apparent status assessed by a variety of indices declines with increasing age, despite intake as great as in younger people (Bates et al., 1999a). As discussed in Section 9.6.3, there is also inadequate information to estimate the requirements of infants. [Pg.256]

Estimation of the vitamm Be requirements of infants presents a problem, and there is a clear need for further research. Human mUk, which must be assumed to be adequate for infant nutrition, provides only 2.5 to 3.5 //g of vitamin Be per g of protein-lower than the requirement for adults. Although their requirement for catabolism of amino acids may be lower than in adults (because they have net new protein synthesis), they must also increase their body content of the vitamin as they grow. Coburn (1994) noted that the requirement for growth in a number of animal species was less than that to maintain saturation of transaminases or rniriimum excretion of tryptophan metabolites after a test dose and was about 15 nmol per g of body weight gain across a range of species. [Pg.259]

Uauy R, Birch EE, Birch DG, Peirano P. Visual and brain function measurements in studies of n-3 fatty acid requirements of infants. J Pediatr 1992 120 S168-S180. [Pg.176]

TABLE 2.3 Amino acid scoring patterns mg/g protein requirements of infants, children, adolescents and adults over 18 (genders combined)°... [Pg.30]

Further research must be carried out to confirm the currently accepted values of requirements of infants and preschool-aged children that are the basis for the scoring patterns recommended by this consultation. [Pg.90]

Uauy, R., Birch, E., Birch, D., and Peirano, P. (1992) Visual and Brain Function Measurements in Studies of n-3 Fatty Acid Requirements of Infants, J. Pediatr. 120, S168-S180. [Pg.347]

Dewey KG, et al. Protein requirements of infants and children. Eitr J CUn Nutr. 1996 50 Suppl 1 S 119- 7. discussion S147-50. [Pg.72]

Wolff JA, et al. Alanine decreases the protein requirements of infants with inborn errors of amino acid metabolism. J Neurogenet. 1985 2(l) 41-9. [Pg.199]

Seashore, J. H., and Seashore, M. R., 1976, Protein requirements of infants receiving total parenteral nutrition, J. Pediatr, Surg. 11 645. [Pg.269]

Existing guidelines and safety regulations lack clarity and completeness in adequately addressing the unique growth and development requirements of infants and the vast diversity of potential new ingredients. [Pg.16]

The sources of data upon the amino acid requirements of infants and children are very limited. The major work is that of Holt and Snyderman and their associates and their estimates have been published in many places. When data are limited there is also a limit to what one can say about them. However, one of the major problems is that people are likely to take estimates of requirements too seriously without adequate consideration of the limitations of the data. [Pg.27]

In estimating the amino acid requirements of infants, there are essentially two sources of data. These are the experiments of Holt and Snyderman (1967) who fed diets in which essentially all of the protein was replaced by a mixture of amino acids. The... [Pg.27]

Fig. 18, Level of dietary linoleate provided by 40% of calories of several common diet fats, superimposed over the curve indicating requirement of infants for dietary linoleate. Fig. 18, Level of dietary linoleate provided by 40% of calories of several common diet fats, superimposed over the curve indicating requirement of infants for dietary linoleate.
Recommended Dietaiy Allowances, 10th ed., 1989, NRONational Academy of Sciences, p. 67, Table 6 5. The essential amino add requirement of infants can be met by supplying 0.79 g of high-Quality protein per pound of body weight (1.7 g/kg of body weight per day). ... [Pg.937]

Baker SS, Cochran WJ, Flores CA et al. (1999) American Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. Calcium requirements of infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatrics 104 11S2-11S7. [Pg.290]


See other pages where Requirements of infants is mentioned: [Pg.598]    [Pg.474]    [Pg.259]    [Pg.259]    [Pg.885]    [Pg.256]    [Pg.259]    [Pg.154]    [Pg.57]    [Pg.63]    [Pg.29]    [Pg.453]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.559 , Pg.560 , Pg.561 , Pg.562 , Pg.563 , Pg.564 , Pg.565 , Pg.566 , Pg.567 , Pg.568 , Pg.569 , Pg.570 ]




SEARCH



Infants

Requirements infants

Vitamin B6 Requirements of Infants

© 2024 chempedia.info