Protein requirements for

Eig. 1. Protein range and flour uses of principal wheat classes. Flour uses are Hsted according to the approximate level of protein required for specified... 

Martin, J.E., Bardwell, J.C.A., Kuriyan, J. Crystal structure of the DsbA protein required for disulphide bond formation in vivo. Nature 365 464-468, 1993. 

FIGURE 16.28 HIV mRNA provides the genetic information for synthesis of a polyprotein. Proteolytic cleavage of this polyprotein by HIV protease produces the individnal proteins required for viral growth and cellular infection. 

The nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), are the chemical carriers of a cell s genetic information. Coded in a cell s DNA is the information that determines the nature of the cell, controls the cell s growth and division, and directs biosynthesis of the enzymes and other proteins required for cellular functions. 

Cunningham, C.C., Gorlin, J.B., Kwiatowski, D.J., Hartwig, J.H., Janmey, P.A., Byers, R., Stossel, T.P. (1992). Actin-binding protein requirement for cortical stability efficient locomotion. Science, 255,325-327. 

Brass AL, Dykxhoorn DM, Benita Y, Yan N, Engelman A, Xavier RJ, Lieberman J, Elledge SJ (2008) Identification of host proteins required for HIV infection through a functional genomic screen. Science 319 921-926... 

In a different study, it was determined that the concentration range of whey protein required for a fibrous texture suitable for meat extenders. Consumer evaluation showed that 48% whey protein was the optimal level, with no benefits obtained by raising the protein concentration. 

Abstract. In eukaryotic cells, replicated DNA molecules remain physically connected from their synthesis in S phase until they are separated during anaphase. This phenomenon, called sister chromatid cohesion, is essential for the temporal separation of DNA replication and mitosis and for the equal separation of the duplicated genome. Recent work has identified a number of chromosomal proteins required for cohesion. In this review we discuss how these proteins may connect sister chromatids and how they are removed from chromosomes to allow sister chromatid separation at the onset of anaphase. 

Hirano T, Mitchison TJ 1994 A heterodimeric coiled-coil protein required for mitotic chromosome condensation in vitro. Cell 79 449-458... 

Kerrebrock AW, Moore DP, Wu JS, Orr-Weaver TL 1995 Mei-S332, a Drosophila protein required for sister-chromatid cohesion, can localize to meiotic centromere regions. Cell 83 247-256... 

Naested, H., A. Holm et al. (2004). Arabidopsis VARIEGATED 3 encodes a chloroplast-targeted, zinc-finger protein required for chloroplast and palisade cell development. J. Cell. Sci. 117(Pt 20) 4807 1818. 

Baldin, V., Lukas, J., Marcote, M.J., Pagano, M., and Draetta, G. 1993. Cyclin D1 is a nuclear protein required for cell cycle progression in Gl. Genes Dev 7 812-821. 

Stammes, M.A., Shieh, B.H., Chuman, L., Harris, G.L. and Zuker, C.S. (1991) The cyclophilin homolog ninaA is a tissue-specific integral membrane protein required for the proper synthesis of a subset of Drosophila rhodopsins. Cell 65, 219-227. 

Figure 6.18 Preparative H PLC column (15 cm in diameter) used in processing of proteins required for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. Column manufactured by Prochrom, Nancy, France (photograph courtesy of Affinity Chromatography Ltd)...

Cysteine string protein (CSP) Cytochrome b561 Peripheral membrane protein that is paimitoylated on >10 cysteines. May have a role in Ca2+ sensitivity of exocytosis. Electron-transport protein required for intravesicular monooxygenases in subsets of secretory vesicles. Required for dopamine- -hydroxylase and peptide amidase activity. 

Martin, T. F. J. and Walent, J. H. A new method for cell per-meabilization reveals a cytosolic protein requirement for Ca2+-activated secretion in GH3 pituitary cells. /. Biol. Chem. 264 10299-10308,1989. 

Hay, J. C. and Martin, T. F. I. Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein required for ATP-dependent priming of Ca2+-activated secretion. Nature 366 572-575,1993. 

L., The TT8 gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix domain protein required for expression of DFR and BAN genes in Arabidopsis siliques, Plant Cell, 2000, 12, 1863-1878. 

M., The TRANSPARENT TESTA12 gene of Arabidopsis encodes a multidrug secondary transporter-like protein required for flavonoid sequestration in vacuoles of the seed coat endothelium, Plant Cell, 2001,13, 853-871. 

Figure 26.1 Immortalization of human cells Cells enter replicative senescence at mortality stage 1 (Ml Hayflick limit) after about 60 population doublings (PD). The protein p 16 accumulates in senescent cells. The simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen as well as the human papilloma virus (HPV) type 16-E6 and E7 proteins sequester the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) and/or p53 constitutively releases the transcription factor E2F. E2F induces expression proteins required for progression through Gl/S transition, thus the cells escape cell cycle arrest. At mortality stage 2 (M2), transformed cells must overcome senescence and crisis before they are immortalized. This is likely to involve the activation of telomerase either by the introduction of hTERT cDNA or by a genetic change that activates telomerase.

Mengaud, J., Ohayon, H., Gounon, P., Mege, R.-M., and Cossart, P. (1996). E-cadherin is the receptor for intemalin, a surface protein required for entry of L. monocytogenes into epithelial cells. Cell 84, 923-932. 

Hwang, W. W., Venkatasubrahmanyam, S., Ianculescu, a. G., Tong, A., Boone, C., and Madhani, H. D. A conserved RING finger protein required for histone H2B monoubiquitination and cell size control. Mol. Cell 2003, 11, 261-66. 

Aristarkhov, A., Eytan, E., Moghe, A., Admon, a., Hershko, A., and Ruderman, j. V. E2-C a cydin-selective ubiquitin carrier protein required for the destruction of mitotic cydins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sd. USA 1996, 93, 4294-99. 

Rey, L., Imperial, J., Palacios, J.-M. and Ruiz-Argueso, T. (1994) Purification of Rhizobium leguminosarum HypB, a nickel-binding protein required for hydrogenase synthesis. J. Bacterial., 176, 6066-73. 

Annilin An actin-binding protein required for cytokinesis 357... 

Beliaev AS, Saffarini DA. 1998. Shewanella putrfaciens intrB encodes and outer membrane protein required for Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction. J Bacteriol. 180 6292-7. 

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