Lack of clarity

Suppliers in turn are on the hook for continuous cost reductions. In some large companies, this takes the form of an annual ritual. Each year, the buyer hands the supplier account manager a slip of paper. On the paper is a number — the percentage of reduction in price required to do business for another year. At most, these are incremental steps, amounting — if one is lucky — to a few percentage points improvement a year. This is sufficient to keep everyone happy. For supply chains to work effectively, this method of operating must change radically. 

To effectively control costs in most supply chains, we must raise the visibility of costs. Alternative forms of accounting and reporting are needed. We ll cover this topic in Chapter 25 from two viewpoints. The first is presentation of costs in a way that illuminates rather than obscures. The second is matching the cost type and the appropriate solution for gaining reductions. 

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The following example highlights how lack of clarity of instructions can lead to errors of misinterpretation. 

These may give rise to lack of clarity with regard to who is responsible within an operating team. 

It is certainly this lack of clarity which leads to the current situation. Flashpoints are usually given without any mention of either the open or closed cup aspects or the make of apparatus. Amongst the thousand or so organic substances listed in Part Two, more than one hundred of them mention oc and cc , which enables comparisons to be made. Nevertheless, a study of the data indicates that the difference between experimental values can reach 56°C for the same substance (for instance, butadiene). It happens quite often that for flashpoints lower values oc than cc values for the same substance are found.The nature of the sources of the level of measurement error in flashpoints can easily be guessed at. 

A technician was asked to make a 5/95 nitric acid/ethanol solution. He made a 95/5 mixture because of a misunderstanding (or a lack of clarity in the instructions given). The mixture detonated immediately. 

Despite the current lack of clarity regarding the relationship between glass transition and chemical reaction kinetics, it is still quite feasible that chemical and biochemical reaction rates may be governed by mobility, i.e., the mobility that is most rate limiting to a particular reaction scheme (e.g., water mobility, reactant mobility, molecular-level matrix mobility, local or microregion mobility), but perhaps not simply by an average amorphous solid mobility as reflected by the Tg. Ludescher et al. (2001) recommend the use of luminescence spectroscopy to investigate how rates of specific chemical and physical processes important in amorphous solid foods are influenced by specific modes of molecular mobility, as well as by molecular structure. 

The reasons for this lack of clarity are, of course, not difficult to understand. Chemical munitions must achieve their objectives amidst a multitude of variables. Methods of delivery, devices used for dissemination, wind velocity, barometric readings, air temperature, characteristics of the terrain and existing physical barriers will all affect the outcome. In addition, one must take into account the possibility of escape or evasion, as well as the potency and speed of action of the substance itself... 

We are exceedingly grateful for the way in which Ruth Swann was able to improve the proofs by detecting lack of clarity in places and by suggesting organisational improvements. She accepted what were sometimes quite substantial handwritten changes with good humour and executed them with deft professionalism. 

My colleagues Drs Ted Dinan and Veronica O Keane of the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, kindly offered to read critically the penultimate draft of the text. Their contribution was crucial in highlighting the errors, inconsistencies and lack of clarity in the draft. Their time and energy in helping to improve the text is gratefully acknowledged. Any errors and omissions that remain are, of course, entirely the responsibility of the author ... 

The lack of clarity of new processes, new dependencies, endangered process safety, less control options, and increased liabilities act as stumbling blocks that inhibit fundamental reform. 

The outcome of a chemical test is a report containing the results of the analysis and other relevant information. In a recent unpublished survey, one of the most frequent complaints from the clients was the inconsistency and lack of clarity in test reports. Most of the requirements of the standard can be met in a straightforward manner on a single-page form, perhaps on a template that requires the appropriate sections to be completed (see figure 9.2). 

The British usage is less likely to lead to misunderstanding and is also more consistent. However, exceptions to it are made, especially in the case of contracted trivial names, where its application would result in lack of clarity or of euphony, e.g., 8-quinolyl, 2-pyridone, and 1-naphthoic acid are used rather than quinol-8-yl, pyrid-2-one, and naphth-l-oic acid. 

The five N-terminal residues and the six or seven C-terminal residues cannot be seen in the high resolution electron density map, and the loop referred to above, formed by residues 44 to 53, appears at only one-third to one-half the amplitude of the well-resolved parts of the map. The lack of clarity in these three regions might possibly result from poor phasing or some other crystallographic factor, but we consider it more likely that these predominantly hydrophilic sections of the peptide project in a disordered way into the solvent. In this connection, it is interesting that in the presence of Ca2+ and pdTp trypsin cleaves inhibited nuclease at only two points between residues 5 and 6 and between residues 48 and 49 (36-38) which are at the very extremity of the loop. It also seems relevant that ribonuclease S also shows lack of clarity at the ends of the peptide chains and in the region of a relatively exposed loop (56). 

There is often a lack of unity at many management levels, even in day-to-day operations. Rarely are all top managers completely aligned perhaps because personal targets differ, or because of a lack of clarity around business priorities. The result, however, is always the same a lack of coordination, prolonged decisionmaking processes, and a poor level of performance. 

In conclusion traceability concepts as they are now defined are of little practical use. On the other hand, methods of analysis such as these are certainly needed in science and society and so are RMs and methods. Work must go on in the absence of a full uncertainty budget and lack of clarity concerning the traceability reference [9], The BCR was right to develop a number of CRMs for speciation analysis as a diagnostic aid in the further development of this particular methodology. 

Environmental Protection Agency policy is to express all measurements in SI units. When implementing this practice will result in undue costs or lack of clarity, conversion factors are provided for the non-SI units. This report uses British Engineering units of measure for some cases. For conversion to the SI system, use the following conversions ... 

Further speculation however is unwarranted at this time as it is likely that choice of body site, the nature of induction of xerosis (natural versus surfactant/solvent induced), differing methods of RT-PCR and filaggrin extraction and quantification protocols may all contribute to the current lack of clarity in our understanding. 

In retrospect, none of these studies was morally justified because the working hypothesis was that dream deprivation would, if pushed far enough, drive the individuals crazy. Although I am disappointed with the lack of clarity that still clouds this area of science, I would not myself either submit to such treatment or expose others to it. 

Be clear on how precise answers should be—should a value be rounded or carried to one or more decimal places Lack of clarity here creates some doubt in the study recorder s mind the resulting inconsistencies also increase the difficulties for the data processing staff. Collect direct numerical measurements, where possible, rather than broad categorical judgments. This usually improves overall consistency, especially across studies. 

Firstly, there is the overall lack of clarity of how to regulate access and the undue complexity that results when different countries, even in a single region of the world, adopt quite different regulatory measures. They felt that this level of bureaucracy would mire natural product research in inefficiency and delays,... 

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