Neuroendocrine system

Feral and LeGall" have suggested that TBT may affect the neuroendocrine system, interfering with the release of a retrogressive factor from the cerebropleiiral ganglia. The effects of TBT on neuroendocrine function merit further study. 

There are clear links between depression and disruption of the neuroendocrine system. Thyroid and gonadal hormone secretion are both abnormal in depression but most... 

Separate lines of research have implicated either the noradrenergic, serotonergic or the FIFA axis in depression, and there is more evidence, not covered here, that other neuroendocrine systems are involved as well. Yet, all this effort has so far failed to identify disruption of any single transmitter or hormone system as the sole culprit. This points to disruption of the interactions between these different systems as the cause of the problem. 

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis An integrated neuroendocrine system linking the hypothalamus (noradrenaline and corticotropin-releasing factor CRF) with the anterior pituitary (corticotropin or ACTH) and the adrenal cortex (cortisol). 

Kuiper, G. G. J. M., Shughrue, P. J., Merchenthaler, I. and Gustafsson, J.-A. The estrogen receptor (3 subtype a novel mediator of estrogen action in neuroendocrine systems. Frontiers Neuroendocrinol. 19 253-286,1998. 

Normal pre- and postnatal male reproductive tract development. Progressive atrophy with age of rete testis and seminal tubules. Diminution of fertilizing capacity of sperm. Females Neuroendocrine system apparently normal, except for an excess of transcription of gonadotropin genes. 

Males Neuroendocrine system apparently normal, except for an excess of transcription of the gonadotropin genes. 

Blalock, J.H., A molecular basis for bi-directional communication between the immune and neuroendocrine systems, Physiol. Rev., 69, 1, 1989. 

Koshash Wouldn t it be the other way round Don t you think that the circadian system has co-opted the complex neuroendocrine systems such as the HP axis that exist in mammals Presumably much of the integration in mammals — the nonautonomy of the systems — makes use of the complex neuroendocrine relationships between organs and systems. Then the question is, if those systems existed first, might the circadian system have taken advantage of them ... 

Menaker Insects do have complex neuroendocrine systems, and animals had oscillators long before we had a hypothalamic—pituitary axis. 

Reproductive Toxicology (mammalian) The study of the effects of chemicals on the adult reproductive and neuroendocrine systems, the embryo, foetus, neonate and prepubertal mammal. Reproductive Toxins Tire tenn refers to a specific target organ characterization of effect. These are chemicals which affect the reproductive capabilities including chromosomal damage (mutations) and effects on fetuses (teratogenesis). Signs and symptoms include birth defects sterility. Examples are lead and DBCP. 

Taken together, these studies indicate that EGb is able to modulate both stress-induced and age-related behavioral sensitization by regulating alterations of the neuroendocrine system. 

Terms in bold are defined i neuroendocrine system 882 radioimmunoassay (RIA) 884 Scatchard analysis 884 endocrine glands 886 paracrine 886 autocrine 886 insulin 887 epinephrine 888 norepinephrine 888 catecholamines 888 eicosanoid... 

The term "H3 receptor" has been coined by Arrang et al.1 H3 receptors are located on paracrine cells and on neurones activation of H3 receptors usually causes inhibition of the release of the respective mediator or neurotransmitter. The receptor characterized by Arrang et al.1 is an example of an autoreceptor, i.e. of a receptor via which the transmitter released from a given neurone influences its own release. H3 receptor-mediated inhibition of the release of transmitters other than histamine has also been described such receptors are known as heteroreceptors. The present review will focus on H3 heteroreceptors in the central nervous system (CNS) in separate chapters of this book, H3 autoreceptors, H3 heteroreceptors in the neuroendocrine system as well as H3 receptor-mediated modulation of transmitter release in vivo will be considered. A separate article will also deal with H3 heteroreceptors in peripheral tissues although an example of an H3 receptor in the retina will be covered in our chapter, due to the close relationship between CNS and retina2. 

Previous results have shown that parasite infection of the snail host affects the neuroendocrine system of the snail in a way that results in reduced reproduction of these snails a phenomenon referred to as parasitic castration (Crews and Yoshino 1989 Sorensen and Minchella, 2001). The Lymnaea stagnalis-Trichobilharzia ocellata host-parasite combination has been the model system adopted for most of these studies (de Jong-Brink et at., 2001). However, comparable studies as to how parasite infection affects the snail s central nervous system (CNS) in releasing neuropeptides and bioamines that modulate snail reproduction and the internal defence system of... 

Ozawa H. Steroid hormones, their receptors and neuroendocrine system. J Nippon Med Sch. 2005 72 316-325. 

Adaptive responses against food shortage through altered neuroendocrine system... 

Mishima K, Okawa M, Hozumi S, Hishikawa Y (2000) Supplementary administration of artificial bright light and melatonin as potent treatment for disorganized circadian rest-activity and dysfunctional autonomic and neuroendocrine systems in institutionalized demented elderly persons. Chronobiol Int 17 419-432... 

It now seems probable that specific disturbances occur in the immune system in psychiatric illness that are not artefacts of non-specific stress factor, institutionalization or medication. The known effects of the neuroendocrine system on the immune response, and the recent evidence that receptor sites for neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine factors occur on lymphocytes and macrophages, support the hypothesis that immunological abnormalities may assist in precipitating the symptoms of anxiety and depression, commonly symptoms of major affective disorders. 

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