Renovations

0 RETROFIT AND RENOVATION OF HAZARDOUS FACILITIES TO COMPLY WITH H CODES 

When a retrofit of an existing facility is contemplated, the impact of new code provisions on the constmction and operation of that facihty must be addressed. The owner, facility staff and code regulators must agree upon a reasonable level of code compliance. The really difficult issue to address is what should be done, in addition to what must be done In that the implications of the code requirements represent significant expenditures with the potential for interraption of production, it may be desirable to accomplish the woik in a phased manner. 

Owners often believe their facilities are grandfathered. While there may be a case for acceptance of certain specific non-conformities (with current codes) in a facility which is to remain unchanged, this cannot be taken for granted. Buildings in existence at the time of the adoption of the current UBC code may have their existing use or occupancy continued, if such use or occupancy was legal at the time of the adoption of this code, provided such continued use is not dangerous to life. (UBC 3401). 

It is incumbent on the owner to ensure his facihty is safe for occupants and the general public. Thus, it is necessary to continually evaluate the life safety of each facility and act accordingly. Recent code provisions, changes in technology, and changes in the use of a facility may result in the need to reconsider whether or not the facility is dangerous to life. These are evaluations best undertaken by the owner s risk management experts, in concert with the insurance underwriter and the local code authorities. 

Many industrial facilities were designed as B-2 occupancies, prior to the advent of UBC oeeupaney elassifications H-3, H-6 and H-7. UBC B-2 does not address the subjeet of allowable floor area with respeet to chemieal usage. Prior to 1985, these facilities were allowed to be of unlimited area, provided they were sprinklered and had side yards. Provisions of UBC Chapter 3, Seetion 307 (Hazardous Occupaneies) and UFC Artiele 51 limit the allowable areas of these occupancies with respect to t)q)es and quantities of chemicals used. 

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The following information is customarily requited for thorough design of new air conditioning systems or renovation of existing systems. 

The alkalized zinc oxide—chromia process developed by SEHT was tested on a commercial scale between 1982 and 1987 in a renovated high pressure methanol synthesis plant in Italy. This plant produced 15,000 t/yr of methanol containing approximately 30% higher alcohols. A demonstration plant for the lEP copper—cobalt oxide process was built in China with a capacity of 670 t/yr, but other higher alcohol synthesis processes have been tested only at bench or pilot-plant scale (23). 

Maintenance Considerations during Facility Construction or Renovation... 

Maintenance costs influence the bottom line of every balance sheet. As a result, maintenance managers can improve the entire faciHty by helping make sure that the planning and design of new constmction and renovation projects takes place with maintenance in mind (1). 

On-site disposal of excess soils during new construction or renovation... 

Cathodic protection of reinforcing steel with impressed current is a relatively new protection method. It was used experimentally at the end of the 1950s [21,22] for renovating steel-reinforced concrete structures damaged by corrosion, but not pursued further because of a lack of suitable anode materials so that driving voltages of 15 to 200 V had to be applied. Also, from previous experience [23-26], loss of adhesion between the steel and concrete due to cathodic alkalinity [see Eqs. (2-17) and (2-19)] was feared, which discouraged further technical development. 

There are different concrete replacement systems available for renovating reinforced concrete structures. They range from sprayed concrete without polymer additions to systems containing conducting polymers (PCC-mortar). Since with the latter alkalinity is lower, more rapid carbonization occurs on weathering [59] and the increased electrical resistivity has to be taken into account, so that with cathodic protection only sprayed concrete should be used as a repair mortar. 

Fig. 19-5 Renovation of a retaining wall with cathodic protection, division into sections.

Cathodic protection can be used as a renovation measure for steel-reinforced concrete structures (see Chapter 19). Although material costs of from 100 DM m" (particularly with preparation, erection, and spray coating costs) up to 300 DM m are quite high, they do not compare with the costs of demolition or partial replacement. ... 

Identify aspects of planned projects that could affect indoor air quality and manage projects so that good air quality is maintained this includes redecorating, renovation, or remodeling, relocation of personnel or functions within the building, new construction. 

In addition, establish lines of communication for sharing information pertaining to equipment in need of repair or replacement, plans to remodel, renovate, or redecorate, new uses of building space or increases in occupant population, installation of new equipment. 

Recovery of materials from liquid effluents, such as processes related to conservation, cleanup, concentration, and separation of desirable fractions from undesirable ones (2) Purification of water sources (3) Effluent water renovation for reuse or to meet point source disposal standards required to maintain suitable water quality in the receptor streams. 

AWT Advanced Waste Treatment - any process of water renovation that upgrades treated wastewater to meet reuse requirements. 

Outdoor air is generally less polluted than the system return air. However, problems with reentry of previously exhausted air occur as a result of improperly located exhaust and intake vents or periodic changes in wind conditions. Other outdoor contamination problems include contaminants from other industrial sources, power plants, motor vehicle exhaust, and dust, asphalt vapors, and solvents from construction or renovation. Also, heat gains and losses through the building envelope due to heat conduction through exterior walls, floor, and roof, and due to solar radiation and infiltration, can be attributed to effects from external sources. 

A dilution ventilation rate of at least 6 air changes per hour (ach) is recommended, with 12 or more ach recommended for new construction or renovation. This may not provide sufficient dilution to allow workers to enter without respiratory protection, but it is considered a feasible dilution rate that will reduce the risk of infection for those workers who must enter the room with respiratory protection. Dilution also reduces the contaminant concentration and therefore the risk when temporary leakage from the room occurs such as when doors are opened or closed. 

In the wide field of industrial ventilation many factors require measurements to be carried out. One of the most common is the commissioning of a new or a renovated ventilation system. In this case the client has to see that the system works according to the specifications made with the consulting engineer, manufacturer, and contractor. Many other situations require quantitative information on ventilation and related systems, like... 

Collecting data for renovation planning, and Collecting boundary values for a computational approach. 

At Amuse, a handsome lounge and restaurant in Chelsea that was formerly the Tonic until it was renovated and reopened two weeks ago by Gerry Hayden, its chef and an owner, a table of twenty people in their twenties and thirties sat in the bar and lounge area on Wednesday, socializing, drinking and eating side orders or desserts. No one had plans for dinner, not even next door, in Mr. Hayden s attractive dining room. 

But business is business. And Mr. Meskouris has business on his mind. H.K., which stands for Hell s Kitchen, is two weeks old. And Mr. Meskouris, his brother Alex and a cousin, Peter, scions of the Jackson Hole burger-joint enterprise, a family operation that includes nine restaurants, are 700,000 lighter. After ten months of renovation, the three, who grew up together, have jointly opened H.K., a former bodega, above which Mr. Meskouris used to live. He... 

As the domestic mix of fossil fuel resources changes over the coming years, new challenges will emerge for the design and renovation of our nation s installed base of refineries. While the practical aspects of this task must be left to the petroleum and gas industries, there is a need for fundamental research to provide new design concepts and for trained engineering personnel to maintain international competitiveness in these industries. 

Marschner H. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, Academic Press, London, 1995. S. A. Barber and J. H. Cushman, Nitrogen uptake model for agricultural crops, Moiieling Waste Water Renovation—Land Treatment (I. Iskander, ed.), Wiley In-terScience, New York, 1981. pp. 382-404. 

Excess reagents are conveniently renoved by either evaporation with a strean of nitrogen or partitioning with an aqueous solution of a weak base Byproduct fonation is generally not a najor problen except for analytes which are labile to acidic or basic conditions at elevated teaperatures [476,478,479,485,486]. Under conditions where the anhydride can lead to undesirable side reactions (dehydration, enolization, etc.), the haloalkylacyl-iaidazole reagent can sometimes be employed. 

In 1944 Wellington bomber R for Robert was on a training mission in Scotland. During the course of the exercise the plane experienced difficulties and was forced to ditch into Loch Ness with the loss of one crewman. The bomber settled on the bottom of the lakebed and lay undisturbed for years. Divers discovered her 10 years ago in a remarkable state of preservation and a decision was taken to raise her from the lake and undertake a complete renovation of the aircraft. Among the items found on board was an Elsan toilet, undamaged and in excellent condition. The problems of maintaining and sanitising toilets on wartime aircraft were not key issues at that time, but today this aspect is extremely important in civil aviation. 

Mystagogus, Cleidophorus. Mercury s caducean rod or, the great and wonderful office of the universal mercury, or God s vicegerent (sic ), displayed. Wherein is shewn his nativity, life, death, renovation and exaltation to an immutable state to which is added a general epistle discovering the mysterious fire of Pontanus. By. The second edition. 2nd ed ed. 1702 reprint, London Printed by William Pearson, for Thomas Ballard, at the Rising Sun in Little Britain, 1704. 76, 32p. 

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