Renal disease cancer

Angiotensin-II AT, Human cDNA Artherosderosis, cardiac hypertrophy, congestive heart failure, hypertension, myocardial infarction, renal disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, glaucoma, cystic fibrosis, Alzheimer s disease, Parkinson s disease Smooth muscle contraction, cell proliferation and migration, aldosterone and ADH release, central and peripheral sympathetic stimulation, extracellular matrix formation, tubular sodium retention, neuroprotection... 

Anemia. Testosterone and similar compounds are potent stimulators of erythropoietin synthesis from the kidneys and other tissues.109 Erythropoietin, in turn, stimulates production of red blood cell synthesis in bone marrow. Human erythropoietin, however, can now be synthesized using recombinant DNA techniques. Hence, various types of anemia that occur secondary to renal disease, cancer chemotherapy, and so forth are usually treated directly with recombinant erythropoietin.109 Nonetheless, androgens may be used as an adjunct to erythropoietin and other drugs to stimulate red blood cell production in certain patients with severe or recalcitrant anemia.10... 

Erythropoietin (Eprex ) is physiologically produced in the kidney and regulates proliferation of committed progenitors of red blood cells. It is used to substitute erythropoietin in severe anemias due to end stage renal disease or treatment of cancer with cytostatic agents. Side effects include hypertension and increased risk of thrombosis. 

Insulin resistance occurs when the normal response to a given amount of insulin is reduced. Resistance of liver to the effects of insulin results in inadequate suppression of hepatic glucose production insulin resistance of skeletal muscle reduces the amount of glucose taken out of the circulation into skeletal muscle for storage and insulin resistance of adipose tissue results in impaired suppression of lipolysis and increased levels of free fatty acids. Therefore, insulin resistance is associated with a cluster of metabolic abnormalities including elevated blood glucose levels, abnormal blood lipid profile (dyslipidemia), hypertension, and increased expression of inflammatory markers (inflammation). Insulin resistance and this cluster of metabolic abnormalities is strongly associated with obesity, predominantly abdominal (visceral) obesity, and physical inactivity and increased risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and renal disease, as well as some forms of cancer. In addition to obesity, other situations in which insulin resistance occurs includes... 

Scitovsky et al. (1986) calculated the average cost per AIDS-related hospital admission as US 9,024 ranging from US 7,026 to US 23,425. A more comprehensive picture is presented by Scitovsky and Rice (1987), who estimated provider cost of the AIDS epidemic in the United States in 1985, 1986, and 1991, based on prevalence estimates provided by the Center for Disease Control (CDC). They predicted that the core provider costs of AIDS would rise from US 630 million in 1985 to US 1.1 billion in 1986 and to US 8.5 billion in 1991. The authors compared their estimates of the cost of AIDS in the USA with the estimates for end-stage renal disease (US 2.2 billion), traffic accidents (US 5.6 billion), lung cancer (US 2.7 billion), and breast cancer (US 2.2 billion). They concluded that the core provider costs of AIDS were relatively low in comparison with the provider costs of all illness as well as the costs of these other diseases. However, they also assessed the non-care costs (e.g., for research) to rise from US 319 million in 1985 to US 542 million in 1986 and to US 2.3 billion in 1991. 

Increased LDH levels are found in patients suffering from diseases related to liver and renal functions, cancer and pulmonary infarction,... 

Nonpeptide receptors Adenosine Aj Human cDNA Cardiac arrhythmia, asthma, myocardial ischemia, obesity, pain, renal disease, sleep apnea, stroke, cancer, inflammation, glaucoma, cystic fibrosis, Alzheimer s disease, Parkinson s disease Bradycardia, lipolysis inhibition, reduction of glomerular filtration and natriuresis, tubero-glomerular feedback, antinociception, renal vasodilatation-constriction, reduction of central cholinergic and noradrenergic nerve activity, presynaptic inhibition of excitatory neuro transmission... 

Contraindications Cardiac impairment, hypercalcemia, prostatic or breast cancer in males, severe liver or renal disease... 

It is used for the treatment of non small cell lung carcinoma, breast carcinoma, Hodgkin s disease, ovarian carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, cervical squamous cell carcinoma, renal cell cancer and Kaposi s sarcoma. 

Note AIDS is caused by HIV, which impairs both cellular and humoral immune functions, and this results in increased susceptibility to opportunistic infection and certain malignancies. The medical aspects of HIV infection include AIDS-related complex (weight loss, chronic diarrhea, fever, thrush, herpes zoster, fatigue), opportunistic infections and cancer, end-stage renal disease, blindness (cytomegalovirus), HIV encephalopathy, and dementia. The psychological aspects of HIV infection include major depression, regression, and suicidal impulses, delirium, substance abuse, antisocial personality, and bereavement. 

Erythropoietin [ery throw PO eetin] is a glycoprotein, normally made by the kidney, that regulates red cell proliferation and differentiation in bone marrow. Human erythropoietin, produced by recombinant DNA technology, is effective in the treatment of anemia caused by end-stage renal disease, anemia associated with HIV-infected patients, and anemia in some cancer patients. Supplementation with iron may be required to assure an adequate response. The protein is usually administered intravenously in renal dialysis patients, but in others the subcutaneous route is preferred. Side effects such as iron deficiency and an elevation in blood pressure occur. [Note The latter may be due to increases in peripheral vascular resistance and/or blood viscosity.]... 

Silicosis, a form of pulmonary fibrosis, is the primary health problem resulting from inhalation exposure to particles of crystalline silica (SSDC, 1988 NIOSH, 2002 Castranova, 2000 Castranova and VaUyathan, 2000). Other diseases associated with occupational inhalation exposure to crystalline silica include lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, nonmalignant respiratory disease, auto-immune related diseases (such as rheumatioid arthritis), renal diseases, and (as a complication of silicosis) increased risk of bacterial or fungal infections such as tuberculosis. Skin granulomas or obstructive lymphopathies may result from dermal exposure and uptake of silica particles (NIOSH, 2002). 

Vinblastine is used in combination with other cytotoxic agents for the treatment of disseminated Hodgkin s disease stages III and IV, non-Hodgkin s lymphoma, histiocytic lymphoma, and advanced carcinoma of the testis. It has also been used for the treatment of bladder cancer, melanoma, and renal cell cancer. The usual adult dosage is 3-6 mg/m intravenously for the treatment of testicular germ cell tumors and Hodgkin s disease (1,2). 

Hanna WT, Krauss S, Regester RE and Murphy WM. Renal disease after Mitomycin C therapy. Cancer, 48 2583-2588,1981... 

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