Remediation costs

Zillioux EJ, Newman JR. 2003. Bioindicators — essential tools for realistic assessment and remediation cost control. Soil, Sediment and Water 9 11. 

Environmental Cost Handling Options and Solutions (ECHOS), RS Means Environmental Remediation Cost Data—Unit Price, 8th Annual Edition, 2002. 

Experience demonstrates that, at most sites, 10% of the total remediation cost can clean up 90% of the contamination. Is it better to have one site 100% clean or 10 sites 90% clean What is the risk ... 

The preliminary study identified approximately 2300 yd3 of contaminated soil with a hot zone of approximately 800 yd3, which required the bulk of remediation effort. A pilot air sparge/soil vapor extraction study was made to define remediation costs. The remediation effort was estimated to extend for 3 years. 

Total Annual Costs Total Remediation Costs 135,383 37,426 47,928 220,737... 

Keywords High Toxicity, Radioactive, Chemical Agents, Remediation, Costs... 

The total remediation cost for a Perox-Pure system depends on specific site and operating conditions including the type and concentration of the contaminant, the presence, type, and... 

Although many of the costs for chemical oxidation technologies will be site specific, chemical costs will generally average 15 to 30% of the total remediation costs. Factors that influence chemical costs will include the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the contaminated media, pH, the size of the site, and initial contaminant concentrations (D22442A, pp. 19, D-1). 

An ERA study indicated that the groundwater remediation cost for a 50-gal/min, 5-kW Perox-Pure system would range from 7 to 11 per 1000 gal, depending on contaminated... 

The U.S. Department of Energy s (DOE s) Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANE) conducted a cost analysis of the circulating fluidized-bed combustor based on the full-scale remediation of a former oil field on the Kenai Peninsula in Alaska. The LANE determined that the remediation cost ranged from 150 to 300 per ton when treating 20,000 to 50,000 tons of soil. For the treatment of 10,000 to 15,000 tons of contaminated soil, the cost ranged from 350 to 400 per ton. These estimates exclude the cost of excavation (D21225Z, p. 63). 

Another site remediated using BCD technology was located in Tacoma, Washington. During this application, 3750 yd of soil were treated to a depth of 14 ft. The site was contaminated with gasoline, benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylene, and diesel fuel. Remediation costs were estimated at 49.85/yd (D10152Q). 

At the DOD s Letterkenny Army Base in Letterkenny, Pennsylvania, the Geo-Cleanse process was used to treat vadose zone soils contaminated with chlorinated solvents and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX). The acmal remediation costs were approximately 700,000 (D200964, pp. 9, 16, 17). 

TABLE 1 Projected Remediation Costs for a Hazardous/Toxic Waste Contaminated Site Using In Situ Plasma Vitrification... 

TABLE 1 Estimated Full-Scale Remediation Costs Using the Daramend System... 

D17911X). See Table 1 for estimated full-scale remediation costs using the Daramend system and Table 2 for site preparation costs. 

The duration of the remediation is dependent on the soil type, water content, and the nature of the contaminants. The HRUBOUT process cannot remove metals from soils. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) cannot be totally removed. The in situ HRUBOUT process is designed for removing contaminants from the vadose zone, (i.e., the zone between the surface aud the water table). Low permeability lowers system effectiveness and raises remediation costs. Soils with variable permeabilities may cause uneven delivery of air to contaminants. VOC removal rates may be reduced by high organic content in the soil because soil orgauics have a high VOC-sorption capacity. 

Another cost estimate placed the total remediation costs at 253,000. This included 64,000 for planning, organization, project management, and remediation equipment 44,000 for field work 74,000 for laboratory analytical work 29,000 for drilling costs and 42,000 for activated carbon and regeneration (D22531A, p. 22). 

TABLE 1 Estimated Remediation Costs for BTEX"-Contaminated Ground Water... 

Remediation costs are expected to be approximately 200 per ton however, the technology is stiU in pilot-scale testing (D15144A, p. 721). 

Table 1 presents some representative vendor-supplied remediation costs. 

The costs were provided by the vendor for a treatment system using lET barrier with Biodrain (T0425) for in situ bioremediation. In 1992, remediation costs using this method were estimated to be between 35 and 40/yd of waste treated. Depth of contamination and quantity of waste were cited as being the most important factors affecting price (D15333D, p. A-8). 

Table 1 compares remediation cost estimates per cubic yard of soil for several technologies, as provided by Mycotech (D122714, p. 4). 

Decreased disposal and labor costs reduce total remediation costs (D16468V, p. 2). 

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