Remedial progress monitoring

Monitoring remedial progress requires monitoring of both groundwater and aquifer media samples for compounds of concern and other indicator parameters. Typically, groundwater samples should be collected and analyzed monthly, or quarterly at a minimum. More frequent sampling is not usually justified because groundwater flow is relatively slow and biochemical reactions in the subsurface are typically slow compared with laboratory reactions. Confirmatory soil samples are routinely collected, prior to site closure, to demonstrate that cleanup objectives have been achieved. 

Periodic monitoring points should include extraction, injection, and monitoring points. When sampling injection wells, the injection system should be shut down for approximately 24 h to allow ambient conditions to be reestablished. Monitoring wells should be purged and sampled according to standard procedures. Extracted fluid material (pumped water) can be sampled by the same procedures as collecting a surface water sample. 

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A number of methods can be employed to monitor remedial progress, including the use of monitoring wells, groundwater analysis, and effluent vapor analysis. Selected case studies are summarized in Table 14.1 and in this section to provide information on expected contaminant removal using air sparging systems. 

There must be systems in place to monitor the study while it is in progress and to check that all systems are working in accordance with GLP requirements, to record any problems identified and to ensure that remedial action is taken. The person responsible for these quality assurance procedures must be independent of the study being audited. In large organizations, there may be a separate Quality Assurance unit but this will not be practical in smaller organizations. 

Areas should be frequently monitored microbioiogicaily by means of exposure plates,surface sampling, air sampling or other appropriate methods. The monitoring should be performed while normal production operations are in progress. Records should be retained and immediate remedial actions taken as soon as results deviate significantly from those usually found in the area concerned. 

Monitor progress of remedial measures taken on accident investigations Promote a safety suggestion scheme (if applicable)... 

It is difficult to anticipate all possible imperfections of the chain-building process and even more problematic to find perfect remedies for undesired side reactions. Therefore, one has to resort to monitoring the completion of the individual steps. Titration of unblocked amino groups with a strong acid, for instance perchloric acid, has been proposed as a method by which the process of deprotection and the progress of acylation can be followed. In acylation with active esters the absorption of the eliminated material (e.g. / -nitrophenol) in the ultraviolet can be used for monitoxing. Esters of 3-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-l,2,3-... 

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