Selected Case Studies

The last few years have seen an explosion in the number of atomic-level tribological simulations aimed not just at understanding fundamental aspects of friction, but also at determining the frictional properties of systems used in real-world applications. In this section, we will discuss selected studies in an effort to demonstrate how the principles discussed earlier in this chapter are used in practice. Unfortunately, it is not possible to consider all of the important, high-caliber research within the space of this chapter. Instead, we focus on a few key areas that encompass both fundamental and applied research in computational tribology. 

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Control and Function of Carotenoid Coloration in Birds Selected Case Studies... 

A Selected Case Study Pseudomonas Biofilm Reactor... 

A Selected Case Study Pseudomonas Biofilm Reactor for the Conversion of Acid Orange 7... 

In this sub-Section the different research areas concerning each of the three selected case studies are shown. The data is collected from the primary process and part of the secondary process, and subsequently analysed to find the underlying problems present in the tertiary process. The primary process and that part of the secondary process which interacts directly with the primary process, e.g. maintenance, internal transportation, etc., is called the operational process and is the area where the required data is collected from. This operational process is shown in this sub-Section by showing the primary processes and secondly by presenting the interacting secondary processes. The tertiary processes will be presented when discussing the analysis of the data retrieved from the operational processes in sub-Section 7.2.4. 

In this chapter, we discuss how to perform meaningful tribological simulations by avoiding the potential pitfalls that were mentioned above. In the next section, some theoretical aspects of friction between solids will be explained. Then an overview of algorithms that have been used in the simulation of tribological phenomena is provided. Selected case studies will be presented in the last section. 

SELECTED CASE STUDIES GLYCOLYSIS AND THE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE... 

Selected Case Studies Glycolysis and the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle. 

Sample preparation (SP) is generally not given adequate attention in discussions of pharmaceutical analysis even though its proper execution is of paramount importance in achieving fast and accurate quantification (see Chapter 5). Non-robust SP procedures, poor techniques, or incomplete extraction are the major causes of out-of-trend and out-of-specification results. The common SP techniques have been reviewed with a strong focus on tablets or capsules, as they are the primary products of the pharmaceutical industry. Detailed descriptions of SP methods for assays and impurity testing are provided with selected case studies of single- and multi-component products. 

This chapter provides the novice and the experienced analyst with an overview of sample preparation techniques focusing on solid dosage forms. It describes the best practices in the dilute and shoot approach, and the tricks of the trade in grinding, mixing, sonication, dilution and filtration of drug products. Selected case studies of sample preparations for assays and impurity testing are used to illustrate the strategies, trade-offs... 

In the following section the aim is first of all to illustrate the link between the results of the case study documentation and the hypotheses by means of a more detailed description of four selected case studies. These selected case studies represent examples from all three groups ... 

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