Relevance to civil engineering

Vehicle repair techniques, overseen by the insurance industry, are also being developed for bonding sheet steel panels. Epoxides and polyurethanes are used, and the benefits of using adhesives include the need for access only to the outside surface of the repair area as well as overall cost and time savings. Crash and impact tests have confirmed the suitability of such repairs as well as highlighting, as with new build operations, the need for judicious use of tack welds or rivets. 

Projects in the construction industry are distinguished from those 

At the design and specification stage there exist few design tools and recommendations available for general applications of adhesives. 

The choice and availability of adhesives for Civil Engineering applications is also somewhat limited, because manufacturers have naturally tailored their products to the needs of the aerospace and general manufacturing industries. Thus products developed specifically for bonding steel and concrete are currently few and far between. 

Many civil structures are designed for lives in excess of one hundred years and during this time they will be subjected to extremes of temperature, moisture and probably sustained as well as cyclic loading. The operating conditions in other industries may be quite different, in particular the life span of a vehicle or aircraft is unlikely to exceed twenty years. The engineer will need to satisfy himself 

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A brief description of each emphasizing its relevance to civil engineering is given below. 

American Ceramic Society http //www.ceramics.org/acers/acers.asp (accessed June 18,2010). A 100-year-old nonprofit organization that serves the informational, educational, and professional needs of the international ceramics conmunity. It is the leading such organization in the world, although many of its publications will have no direct relevance to civil engineering. 

Building Law Reports (0141-5875). Published by George Godwin. Although largely concerned with building contracts and contract case law, some cases relate directly to civil engineering contracts, and many have an indirect relevance. 

I cite this history including these two recent examples of attempts to insert chemistry into the thicket of materials research already densely populated by physicists, ceramists, metallurgists, and chemical and civil engineers, because they form the background for my recommendations in the following sections. It is, of course, directly relevant to the initiative in education of the American Chemical Society. First let me list good reasons for such an initiative ... 

In fact some preliminary results of relevant studies have been achieved in Chinese literature for the past decades. As early as in 1980 s the study of coupled processes were started in soil and rock mechanics (Qian Jiahuan, 1986 Kou Shaoquan, 1987 Tao Zhenyu et al.,1988), but more focused attention was paid to the problem only in 1990 s. More recent progress has appeared in different areas of civil engineering, water resource management and mining engineering (Sun Jun et al., 2000 Zhang Yuzhuo, 2001). 

Most of this chapter has discussed bridges, with peripheral comments about other civil engineering structures. This is partly because most of the emphasis in the field of durability has been problems with bridges caused by chloride attack. Many of the discussions are relevant to all reinforced concrete structures. However, buildings are constructed to withstand less severe environments and conditions than bridges. There are also lower life expectations on buildings which may become obsolete before serious deterioration occurs. 

Fluid Mechanics Fluids include gases and liquids. In the context of civil engineering, fluids are water and air. Movement of air is relevant in environmental engineering while movement of water is relevant in both water resources engineering and environmental engineering. Fluid mechanics studies the movement of fluids in open and enclosed environment. It applies the principles and tools developed in Statics and Dynamics to a special medium, fluid, which changes its shape easily. 

The following student organizations are most relevant and most likely to be joined by civil engineering students. Following the description of these relevant organizations, other co-curricular learning opportunities are introduced. 

Benefits. Internship is a temporary on-the-job training opportunity. Because it is work experience in civil engineering, it becomes relevant to your career development. Potential employers like people with internship experiences. Some employers even hire only people who have successfully completed an internship with them. Thus a temporary job has the potential of becoming a permanent one. You will work directly under a supervisor and learn real-world knowledge. 

The importance of extracurricular activities to students academic performance and progress is now recognized by many educators and deemed an integral part of student life. In Chapter 4, the most relevant student organizations on many campuses are described with emphases on student competitions and scholarship opportunities. The competitions sponsored by ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers), the annual steel bridge competition and the annual concrete canoe competition, are described in some detail to encourage student participation. 

The fifth block is devoted to metallic fibers and thin wires, relevant in the tyre industry, in electrical and electronic applications as well as in civil engineering. H.U. Kiinzi deals with the influence of fabrication processes and microstructure on the strength and fracture of metallic filaments, and K. Yoshida analyzes the influence of internal defects during the drawing of these metallic wires. 

Other feedback from students, via surveys and casual conversations with the lecturer, reveals a perception that much of the course is of little relevance to some civil engineers, particularly to those students... 

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