Relevance of study

CD spectrum of the full-length CTD was also reported (Bienkiewicz et al., 2000), and it is very similar to that of the eight-repeat, supporting the relevance of studies on the shorter fragments. 

The clinical relevance of studies in the Folts-model has been questioned because the model is very sensitive to antithrombotic compounds. However, the lack of a reversal of the effect by epinephrine or increase in degree of stenosis differentiates any new drug from aspirin. Electrical coronary thrombosis is less sensitive e.g. aspirin has no effect and with some drugs higher dose levels are required but in principle, most drug mechanisms act in both models if at all. 

The relevance of studies of the metabolism of sulphur mustard conducted in rodents to clinical work may be questioned. In 1961, Davison and coworkers reported studies of the metabolism of radiolabelled sulphur mustard in two patients suffering from terminal cancer (Davison et al., 1961). Disappearance of sulphur mustard from the blood was rapid but excretion in urine was... 

Thiessen (1963) presents results of a similar nature. The effect of surfactant diffusion on droplet coalescence confirms the results of MacKay Mason (1963). In addition, the influence of surface inactive materials such as inorganic salts was investigated. As expected, the sign of the effect is reversed when a surface inactive substance is substituted for a surface active one. Thiessen (1963) points out the relevance of studies of this type to the extraction of salts from aqueous solutions using organic solvents. The isolation of metals by this technique is currently a popular problem. 

Sharma, R. P. and Zeeman, M. G. (1980). Immunologic alterations by environmental chemicals Relevance of studying mechanisms versus effects. J. Immunopharmacol. 2 285-307. 

By providing an applied and modem approach, this volume will help readers to understand the value and relevance of studying case studies and reviews on chemical and biochemical sciences. Presenting a wide-ranging view of current developments in applied methodologies in chemical and biochemical physics research, the papers in this collection, all written by highly regarded experts in the field, examine various aspects of chemical and biochemical physics and experimentation. 

If possible, there should be measurement of the toxic effect in order quantitatively to relate the observations made to the degree of exposure (exposure dose). Ideally, there is a need to determine quantitatively the toxic response to several differing exposure doses, in order to determine the relationship, if any, between exposure dose and the nature and magnitude of any effect. Such dose—response relationship studies are of considerable value in determining whether an effect is causally related to the exposure material, in assessing the possible practical (in-use) relevance of the exposure conditions, and to allow the most reasonable estimates of hazard. 

Ethylene oxide has been shown to produce mutagenic and cytogenic effects in a variety of test systems (226). An increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of monkey exposed to ethylene oxide for 104 weeks has been reported (240). In mice, it is an effective inducer of chromosome breaks leading to dominant-lethal mutations. In addition, ethylene oxide has been shown to induce heritable effects in the heritable translocation test conducted in mice exposed to ethylene oxide by inhalation (241,242). In this study, male mice were exposed to ethylene oxide ranging from 165 to 300 ppm for 6 h per day 5 or 7 days/week for 8.5 weeks. Ethylene oxide has also been shown to bind to proteins (243) as well as to DNA (244). Several studies on ethylene oxide-exposed workers have demonstrated an increased incidence of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges the relevance of such effects to human health evaluation is currendy uncertain. 

Edgren carried out a number of studies in which bioassays were used to compare the widely differing potencies of a number of analogues of 17/i-oestradiol that were modified in the 18-position. Commenting on the use of potency ratios, Edgren concluded that they were only valid for specific substances and test systems and useless for product safety testing . These problems could have important consequences for any attempt to establish the potency of specific environmental EDs or environmentally relevant mixtures. 

The methodological advances just presented have brought the field of nucleic acid force field calculations to a point where results from the calculations can be used with reasonable confidence to aid in the interpretation of experimental data as well as to be used for scientific investigations that are not accessible to experiment. Accordingly, a number of studies based on MD simulations, as well as other methods, have been undertaken to study a wide array of biologically relevant events associated with DNA. A brief overview of some of these efforts follows. 

We have grown single crystals with compositions of ll - 54 at% Al, Ti - 56 at% A1 and Ti - 58 at% Al, and made a systematic study on their structure and deformation. In this paper we present the results of the systematic study reviewing some relevant previous studies. 

Crucial data regarding the physiological relevance of MDR transporters came from knockout mice studies. Surprisingly, loss of these genes does not result in an obvious phenotype MDR knockout mice are viable and... 

Most studies of the transmission of electronic effects through —SO— and —S02— have involved examining the influence of substituents on the pKa values of carboxylic acids and phenols of the types XC6H4SO YC6H4C02H or XC6H4SO C6H4OH where Y = CH2 or CH=CH. There have been a few relevant spectroscopic studies. 

The values of AX for pc Ni and Fe are reported in Table 27 in brackets. Polycrystalline surfaces of these metals are still used both in surface science and in electrochemical studies. The relevance of Eam0 to the potential of initial passivation of metals has been pointed out.862... 

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