Rock mechanics

Ivanov, A.G. and V.N. Mineev (1980), Explos. Combust. Shock Waves 15, 617-638. Jaeger, J.C. and N.G.W. Cook (1969), Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics, Chapman and Hall, New York. 

Nelson, I., Constitutive Models for Use in Numerical Computations, in Proceedings of the Dynamical Methods in Soil and Rock Mechanics, Vol. 2, Plastic and Long-Term Effects in Soils (edited by Gudehus, G.), A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 1978, pp. 45-99. 

The constant value of 0.25 for Poisson s ratio versus depth reflects the geology and the rock mechanics of the mature sedimentary basin in the West Texas region. Since mature basins are well cemented, the rock columns of West Texas will act as compressible, brittle, elastic materials. 

Rock Mechanical Properties. In the previous section (Figure 4-313), the wear of the bit teeth can be determined in shales by plotting the dimensionless bit torque (T, ) versus the dimensionless ROP (R,). By introducing a new parameter, namely the apparent formation strength, the bit effects can be separated from the lithology effects. 

Biological and volcanic activities also have roles in the natural mobilization of elements. Plants can play multiple roles in this process. Root growth breaks down rocks mechanically to expose new surfaces to chenaical weathering, while chemical interactions between plants and the soil solution affect solution pFF and the concentration of salts, in turn affecting the solution-mineral interactions. Plants also aid in decreasing the rate of mechanical erosion by increasing land stability. These factors are discussed more fully in Chapters 6 and 7. 

Flow in undisturbed rock normally is radial toward a site of lower pressure (the wellbore). The fracture crack created by high pressure injection usually forms perpendicular to the least principle stress that exists in the rock. The induced fracture intersects and disrupts the radial flow pattern such that flow becomes linear and more direct to the well. This phenomenon has been intensively examined and discussed by authors working in the discipline of rock mechanics as applied to hydrocarbon reservoirs. Hydraulic fractures created in oil and gas wells grow mainly vertically, parallel to the wellbore as depicted in Figure 1 and extend on either side of the perforated wellbore as "wings11 (7-11). 

Vandanme, L., Jeffrey, R.G. and Curran, J.H. "Effects of Three-Dimensionalization on a Hydraulic Fracture Pressure Profile," 1986 Proc. U.S. Sumposium on Rock Mechanics Key to Energy Production 580-590, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, June 23-25. 

Taylor, R. K. Spears, D. A. 1970. The breakdown of British Coal Measures rocks. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science, 1, 481-501. 

The recent report by the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences entitled "Limitations of Rock Mechanics in Energy Resource Recovery and Development", highlighted some of the problems which must be addressed. The rock strength and other mechanical properties of the media must be understood both under the impact of the thermal pulse represented by the release of heat from decaying radioactive waste materials and the perturbation represented by construction of the mine. The resulting thermal stresses must be understood in developing the layout and the allowable rate of heat generation from the individual canisters. 

Because it is quite a recent technology (1961), these types of storage gas have also taken benefits from geotechnical advances (rock mechanics, mining techniques, etc.) made possible by the considerable development of computer technology since the 1970 s. This explains why reduction in investments is particularly noticeable in this area where development costs have been divided by two between the 1960 s and the 1990 s. 

Goetze C, Evans B (1979) Stress and temperature in the bending lithosphere as constrained by experimental rock mechanics. Geophys J Royal Astr Soc 59(3) 463-478... 

Nemati, K.M. (2000) Preserving microstructure of concrete under load using the Wood s metal Technique. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science 37, 133-142... 

Agrawal, D.L., Cook, N.G.W. and Myer, L.R. (1991) The effect of percolating structures on the petrophysical properties of Berea sandstone. In Rock Mechanics as a Multidisciplinary Science, Balkema, pp. 345-354... 

RJ Heath, JR Rubin, DR Holland, E Zhang, ME Snow, CO Rock. Mechanism of triclosan inhibition of bacterial fatty acid synthesis. JBiol Chem 274 11110-11114, 1999. 

Jardine, P.M. et al., Conceptual model of vadose-zone transport in fractured weathered shales. In Conceptual Models of Flow and Transport in the Fractured Vadose Zone, U.S. National Committee for Rock Mechanics, National Research Council. National Academy Press, Washington DC, 2001, p. 87. 

Come B., Vandenbeush M. (ANTEA-BGRM Group), Bonnet C. (SGN), Melnikov N., Konukhin V., Komlev V., Kozyrev A. (MIK) (1999) Site selection for radioactive waste disposal results of a screening process in the North-West of Russia. 9 International Congress on Rock Mechanics. August 25-28, 1999. Paris, France. 

Goetze C. (1975) Sheared Iherzolites from the point of view of rock mechanics. Geology S, 172—173. 

Baumgartner L. P., Gerdes M. L., Person M. A., and Roselle G. T. (1997) Porosity and permeability of carbonate rocks during contact metamorphism. In Fluid Flow and Transport in Rocks Mechanisms and Effects (eds. B. Jamtveit and B. W. D. Yardley). Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 83-98. 

Laubach S. E. and Milliken K. L. (1996a) New fracture characterization methods for sihciclastic rocks. In Rock Mechanics Tools and Techniques, Proceedings of the 2nd North American Rock Mechanics Symposium (eds. M. Aubertin and others). Balkema, Rotterdam, 2050pp. 

Thomas, L. J. An Introduction to Mining Exploration, Feasibility, Extraction, Rock Mechanics. Sydney Hicks Smith Sons, 1973. 

E. FJ3ER, R.M. HOLT, P. HORSRUD, A.M. RAAEN and R. RISNES - Petroleum Related Rock Mechanics... 

Yardley, B., W.D., 1997, The evolution of fluids through the metamorphic cycle in Yardley, B. J. a. B., ed, Fluid Flow and Transport in Rocks Mechanisms and Effects London, Chapman and HaU, p. 101-121. 

Late Jurassic-early Cretaceous caprocks of the southwestern Barents Sea fracture systems and rock mechanical properties... 

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