Fluid mechanics review

In the last few decades, understanding and controlling contraction flow or entry flow behavior has been one of the classical problems of fluid mechanics. Reviews of investigations published prior to 1987 can be found in Boger [7] and White et al. [8], and a brief summary of more recent works is given in Rodd et al. [4]. 

Rielly and Marquis (2001) present a review of crystallizer fluid mechanics and draw attention to the inconsistency between the dependence of crystallization kinetic rates on local mean and turbulent velocity fields and the averaging assumptions of conventional well-mixed crystallizer models. 

Hansen, A. C., and Butterfield, C. P. (1993). Aerodynaiiiics of Horizontal-/bds Wind Turbines. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 25 115-49. 

Zandbergen, RJ. and Dijkstro, D., Von Karman swirling flows. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics., 19,465M91,1981. 

Melcher, JR Taylor, GI, Electrohydrodynamics A Review of the Role of Interfacial Shear Stresses, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 1, 111, 1969. 

Macbeth (M5) has recently written a detailed review on the subject of burn-out. The review contains a number of correlations for predicting the maximum heat flux before burn-out occurs. These correlations include a dependence upon the tube geometry, the fluid being heated, the liquid velocity, and numerous other properties, as well as the method of heating. Sil-vestri (S6) has reviewed the fluid mechanics and heat transfer of two-phase annular dispersed flows with particular emphasis on the critical heat flux that leads to burn-out. Silvestri has stated that phenomena responsible for burn-out, due to the formation of a vapor film between the wall and the liquid, are believed to be substantially different from phenomena causing burn-out due to the formation of dry spots that produce the liquid-deficient heat transfer region. It is known that the value of the liquid holdup at which dry spots first appear is dependent on the heat flux qmi. The correlations presented by Silvestri and Macbeth (S6, M5) can be used to estimate the burn-out conditions. 

Fig. 6. Examples of types of meshes developed to resolve laminar flow around particles (a) Chimera grid. Reprinted, with permission, from the Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 31 1999 by Annual Reviews www.annualreviews.org (b) Unstructured grid with layers of prismatic cells on particle surfaces. Reprinted from Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 56, Calis et al., CFD Modeling and Experimental Validation of Pressure Drop and Flow Profile in a Novel Structured Catalytic Reactor Packing, pp. 1713-1720, Copyright (2001), with permission from Elsevier.

Turbulent diffusion flames. Annual Reviews of Fluid Mechanics 21, 101-135. 

Hill, J. C. (1976). Homogeneous turbulent mixing with chemical reaction. Annual Reviews of Fluid Mechanics 8, 135-161. 

Vervisch, L. and T. Poinsot (1998). Direct numerical simulation of non-premixed turbulent flames. Annual Reviews of Fluid Mechanics 30, 655-691. 

An excellent description of the cellular detonation front, its relation to chemical rates and their effect on the dynamic parameters, has been given by Lee [6], With permission, from the Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 16, 1984 by Annual Reviews Inc., this description is reproduced almost verbatim here. 

Appendix B consists of a systematic classification and review of conceptual models (physical models) in the context of PBC technology and the three-step model. The overall aim is to present a systematic overview of the complex and the interdisciplinary physical models in the field of PBC. A second objective is to point out the practicability of developing an all-round bed model or CFSD (computational fluid-solid dynamics) code that can simulate thermochemical conversion process of an arbitrary conversion system. The idea of a CFSD code is analogue to the user-friendly CFD (computational fluid dynamics) codes on the market, which are very all-round and successful in simulating different kinds of fluid mechanic processes. A third objective of this appendix is to present interesting research topics in the field of packed-bed combustion in general and thermochemical conversion of biofuels in particular. 

Gutmark, E. J., K. S. Schadow, and K. H. Yn. 1997. Mixing enhancement in snper-sonic free shear flows. Annual Reviews Fluid Mechanics 27 375-417. 

Ho, M., and P. Huerre. 1984. Perturbed free shear layers. Annual Reviews Fluid Mechanics 16 365. 

Pope, S.B. 1994. Lagrangian PDF methods for turbulent flows. Annual Reviews Fluid Mechanics 26 23-63. 

Paeth, G.M., J. P. Gore, S.G. Chuech, and S. M. Jeng. 1989. Radiation tnrbnlent diffusion flames. Annual Reviews Numerical Fluid Mechanics. Heat Trans. 2 1-38. 

Another important development which altered our view of crystallization processes was the realization of the importance of secondary nucleation due to contact between crystals and the impeller and vessel. Secondary nucleation of this type has been shown (2-6) to often have a dominant role in determining crystallizer performance. Our understanding of crystal growth, nucleation, fluid mechanics and mixing have all greatly improved. A number of review (2r 101 have appeared in recent years which describe the advances in these and... 

Because we spend considerable effort working with and manipulating the stress tensor as we develop the conservation equations and specialize them for particular purposes, it is appropriate to spend some time reviewing the physical meaning of the stress tensor. This discussion follows a very classical form, which can be found in many texts on fluid mechanics. 

Young J.B. (2007) Thermofluid modeling of fuel cells. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 39, 193-215. 

---