Reinforcement with mineral fibers

Polyarylates are offered in several glass-reinforced versions with loading available up to 40%. Tile glass fibeis piovide liighei stiffness, improved tensile strength, and higher heat deflection temperatures. Polyarylates may also he mineral-filled and reinforced with other fibers, such as carbon. Alloys/blends with other polymers are also available. 

PROPERTIES OF SPECIAL INTEREST PPS is a semiciystalline thermoplastic. PPS reinforced with glass fiber or mineral fillers shows excellent mechanical prop>erties, high thermal stability, excellent chemical resistance, excellent flame retardance, good electrical and electronic properties, and good mold precision Recently developed linear type PPS additionally shows improved properties of elongation and toughness and opens the new route for the use of a neat polymer. 

Polypropylene that is reinforced with mineral fillers, such as talc, mica, and calcium carbonate, as well as with glass and carbon fibers. The maximum concentration is about 5 wt%, although concentrates with higher levels of filler or reinforcement are available. 

Polymer matrices are also commonly reinforced with mineral fillers or fibers, such as calcium carbonate, talc, wollastonite, clay and mica [306]. SE images of fracture surfaces show the wetting behavior or adhesion of the filler by the polymer matrix. Figure 4.34 shows secondary electron image (A) and backscattered electron image (B) micrographs of a mineral filler in a matrix of a commercial polymer. SEI does not reveal the nature of the filler in the matrix whereas BEI does reveal the mineral filler due to atomic number contrast. BE imaging is important in the... 

All phenolic molding compounds are resins that are reinforced with minerals, glass fibers, ar-amid fibers or carbon materials. The binding and adhesive nature of the phenolic with the fillers plays an important role in the final stmc-tural properties. These composites when fully crosslinked can withstand high temperatures under high load for long periods of time see Table Phenolics as a class are non-... 

Polymer matrices are also commonly reinforced with mineral fillers or fibers, such as calcium carbonate, talc, wollastonite, clay, and mica [506], and more recently fine additives are used to manufacture nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy images of fracture surfaces... 

The strength of amorphous styrenics - polystyrene and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene - is reduced by mineral addition. Calcium carbonate and talcs, especially siuface treated grades, are used, nevertheless, to increase the impact resistance of polystyrene modified with thermoplastic elastomer. The more crystalline styrenics - styrene acrylonitrile and styrene maleic anhydride - respond to reinforcement with glass fibers, mica or wollastonite. Table 12 compares the effects of various minerals in styrenics. 

Nylon family These are polyamides resulting fi-om the condensation reaction of an amine funetion and an acid function. As a family, they are tough and hard. They are resistant to many liquids and have low coefficients of thermal expansion. They ean be reinforced with glass fibers, carbon, and minerals. Applications include molded parts for electrieal power transmission, molded parts for a wide range of automotive functions, pulleys, bearings and items which need good abrasion resistance and toughness. 

Nonfibrous Reinforcements. Because of the higher costs associated with nonasbestos fibers and the performance requirements needed in replacing asbestos, platy minerals such as mica and talc, and metal powders such as iron and copper, are being used as a portion of the total reinforcement package in NAOs. 

Resin-based composites are usually defined as either conventional or advanced. Conventional composites usually contain glass or mineral fiber reinforcement, and sometimes carbon fiber, either alone or in combination with others. Conventional composites are usually produced in stock shapes such as sheet, rod, and tube. There are many methods of processing composite materials. These include filament winding, layup, cut fiber spraying, resin transfer molding, and pultrusion. 

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