Linear types

Introduction of linear low density polyethylene in the 1970s and 1980s offered yet another design parameter, giving chlorosulfonated products with the advantages of linear types but with improved low temperature performance (8). 

Linear type columns are especially designed to have wider linear molecular weight ranges. These linear-type columns are highly recommended for correcting nonlinear sections of molecular weight calibration curves (Table 6.2). 

Figure 6.3 shows a comparison of elution patterns of standard polystyrene between a linear-type column and a standard-type column. Because of the high linearity of its calibration curve, the linear series has improved the efficiency of oligomer domain separation. 

The sensor is taken to be of the linear type, i.e., it transduces the incoming chemical information into electrical output according to the equation el.signal = constant + slope (chemical signal) without loss of clarity, the constant can be set to zero and the slope to 1.00. 

The resistance of an organism to a sterilizing agent can be described by means of the D-value. For heat and radiation treatments, respectively, this is defined as the time taken at a fixed temperature or the radiation dose required to achieve a 90% reduction in viable cells (i.e. a 1 log cycle reduction in survivors Fig. 20.2k). The calculation of the D-value assumes a linear type A survivor curve (Fig. 20.1), and must be corrected to allow for any deviation from linearity with type B or C curves. Some typical D-values for resistant bacterial spores are given in Table 23.2 (Chapter 23). 

Reaction offac(S)-[ v(iicl)n] with VC13 gave [V Ir(aet)3 2]3+ according to Reaction Scheme 21 389 The structure of (218)(C104)3 confirms the linear-type structure. Cyclic voltammetric studies of (218) show irreversible oxidation and reduction processes. 

Here F is the Faraday constant C = concentration of dissolved O2, in air-saturated water C = 2.7 x 10-7 mol cm 3 (C will be appreciably less in relatively concentrated heated solutions) the diffusion coefficient D = 2 x 10-5 cm2/s t is the time (s) r is the radius (cm). Figure 16 shows various plots of zm(02) vs. log t for various values of the microdisk electrode radius r. For large values of r, the transport of O2 to the surface follows a linear type of profile for finite times in the absence of stirring. In the case of small values of r, however, steady-state type diffusion conditions apply at shorter times due to the nonplanar nature of the diffusion process involved. Thus, the partial current density for O2 reduction in electroless deposition will tend to be more governed by kinetic factors at small features, while it will tend to be determined by the diffusion layer thickness in the case of large features. 

As described above, the arrangement of the various functional moieties was controlled spatially across the films at molecular dimensions in the form of LB films. In a series of folded type of sensitizer (S) and electron-donor (D) dyads in a previous work, however, the dyad molecules in the LB films can take many conformations due to flexibility of the longer alkyl chain of the dyads so that clear dependence of the photoinduced electron transfer rate on the alkyl chain length, i.e. S-D distance, was not observed [2], By this reason, we are studying the chain length dependence by using a series of linear type S-D dyads, in which the S and D moieties were linked by a single alkyl chain. In the closely packed LB films, the alkyl chain was considered to be extended and the distance between S and D to be... 

NRPSs can be classified as linear (Type A), iterative (Type B), or nonlinear (Type This classification is based upon the relationship between the amino acid sequence of the natural product and the modular organization of the synthetase. 

There are several technologies of linear heat detectors, most designed to monitor air temperature and a few that detect radiant heat. This type of detection is wire or plastic tubing and can be used where other types of detectors are difficult to install. Generally, they are used to supplement other forms of detection in difficult areas, such as heavily congested areas, rim area of floating roof tanks, on pumps, etc. Linear types can be pneumatic, electrical, or optical. Electrical linear heat detectors come in three types that ... 

Synthetic efforts at preparing model complexes for the FeMo-cofactor have largely focussed on two types of Mo-Fe-S cluster, both of which are prepared via self-assembly reactions using tetrathiomolybdate as starting material. The first of these is the "linear" type of cluster, containing the MoS2Fe unit formed by coordination of discrete MoS - units to Fe. The second is the... 

The synthesis and proposed cure mechanisms of this resin are described in reference 2. While the cure mechanism of the BCB terminated resin is not yet known, it is speculated that it reacts via one of two different routes. Initially the strained four member ring of the benzocyclobutene undergoes a thermally Induced ring opening. The opened rings then react with one another by a linear type addition to form a network type of structure or by cycloaddition to form linear polymer chains. An Illustration of the proposed polymerization mechanism of benzocyclobutene (BCB) terminated resins is shown below. 

Fig. 3.10 Linear type high voltage pulse time-of-flight atom-probe with an...

It is now well recognized that chemical identification of even those materials composed of the most commonly used elements requires a much better mass resolution, since most elements have more than one isotope, and isotope overlapping is often a serious problem for a reliable compositional analysis of samples. This is the reason that the linear type high voltage pulse ToF atom-probe is now gradually being replaced by other types. 

This linear type of pyrimido-quinazoline was synthesized by (a) formation of the terminal pyrimidine ring, (b) formation of the middle pyrimidine ring, and (c) formation of both pyrimidine rings. 

With a condensed monolayer, such as cholesterol, it may safely be assumed that each molecule occupies essentially the same area in both pure and mixed films (4). This value is approximately 38 sq. A. per cholesterol molecule. By making this assumption it is possible to obtain, by the method of intercepts (16), the partial molecular areas, (dA/dn)rr,T, at constant r and temperature, of the expanded component in a cholesterol-mixed film. An extrapolation (10) through MN (Type I, Figure 12), or MO if linear (Type II, Figure 12) to the Ai ordinate, yields the area per molecule of the expanded component in the mixed films, where the cholesterol content is either equal to or in excess of the compositions denoted by point N (Type I) or point O (Type II). Such... 

Tridentate ligands of the linear type having donor sets P3, AS3 or P As3. t, where the donor atoms are connected by o-phenylene, ethylene or trimethylene chains, were found to form stable complexes with nickel(II) salts.1350 Listings of the most common ligands and nickel(II) complexes are given in Tables 67 and 68, respectively. 

The installed valve characteristic. This depends upon the ratio of the pressure drop through the valve to the total pressure drop across the whole process line installation including the valve. If a valve of linear sensitivity is handling the entire system pressure drop, then its installed characteristic will also be linear. As the percentage of the pressure drop falls off, the installed characteristic rapidly changes to that of an on-off valve. The increasing-sensitivity valve also loses its characteristic in the same way, but to a far lesser extent. Hence, this type of valve is frequently chosen in preference to the linear type. Peters(U> has discussed the effects of choosing valves with incorrect characteristics. 

However, the spectrum from the fresh HAPS-coated glass surface exhibited a series of negative ions due to the HAPS deposit from mlz = 136 to 475 (see Fig. 8) which could be attributed to the fragmentation pattern of the linear (> type) and cyclic (z type) forms (see Table 8). 

Polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons with both angular and linear types of ring fusion show absorption curves of a similar profile to that of benzene but with the absorption maxima shifted to longer wavelengths the greater the number of rings the more pronounced the shift. 

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