References—continued

Note. Insertion of fif after a page number, for example 314fif, means and following, and indicates that a reference continues, in the same context, on following pages. If the reference continues on adjacent pages, but in a different context, fif is not attached for example 320, 321 indicates references to the same atom or molecule but in different contexts. 

It was first identified and named brevium, meaning brief, by Kasimir Fajans and O. H. Gohring in 1913 because of its extremely short half-life. In 1918 Otto Hahn (1879—1968) and Lise Meitner (1878-1968) independently discovered a new radioactive element that decayed from uranium into (actinium). Other researchers named it uranium X2. It was not until 1918 that researchers were able to identify independently more of the elements properties and declare it as the new element 91 that was then named protactinium. This is another case in which several researchers may have discovered the same element. Some references continue to give credit for protactinium s discovery to Frederich Soddy (1877—1956) and John A. Cranston (dates unknown), as well as to Hahn and Meitner. 

Nuclear Science Reference File — a bibliographic computer file of nuclear science references continually updated and maintained by the National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Recent literature is scanned by D. Winchefl. 

Cannabis, or marijuana, has been used for centuries for both symptomatic and prophylactic treatment of migraine. It was highly esteemed as a headache remedy by the most prominent physicians of the age between 1874 and 1942, remaining part of the Western pharmacopoeia for this indication even into the mid-20th century. Current ethnobotanical and anecdotal references continue to refer to its efficacy for this malady, and biochemical studies of THC and anandamide have provided a scientific basis for such treatment (Russo, 1998). 

The editors welcome the new contributors to the eleventh edition Doug Henry. Phillip Bowen, Stephen J. Cutler. T. Kent Walsh, Philip Proteau. and Michael J. Deimling. The editors extend thanks to all of the authors who have cooperated in the preparation of the current edition. Collectively, the authors rcprc.sent many years of teaching and rc.search experience in medicinal chemistry. Their chapters include summaries of current research trends that lead the reader to the original literature. Documentation and references continue to be an important feature of the book. 

In essence, the heat input into the sample contributes to the melting process rather than the increase in temperature, whereas the heat input into the reference continues to lead to a temperature increase. When melting is complete, the sample returns to the programmed temperature hence, by examining the difference in temperature between the two pans, a peak is seen, as shown in Figure 1,2b. 

Table 10.2 Various types of carbonylation reactions (schemes partially reproduced from respective references). (Continued)... 

To avoid having to refer continually to other texts, and to ensure that the reader appreciates that the techniques used in the formation of reaction models are common to all branches of reaction engineering, this chapter begins by introducing some basic concepts of reaction kinetics. (For a more detailed treatment the reader should consult Refs. 1-4.) We will then derive some simple kinetic relationships and discuss reaction models and experimental methods of obtaining numerical values for the kinetic constants involved. The chapter concludes by giving two examples of reaction models, one for the reduction of hexavalent uranium to a four-valent state and the other for electrosynthesis of p-anisidine from nitrobenzene. 

The variations of the maximum temperature (T ax) with peak power were reported where each curve was related to a pulse period. All curves were issued from the same point, corresponding to the reference continuous wave, that is, power 30 W with Tmax 70 °C. Starting from this point, T ax always increases with pulse power (Figure 42). Thus, it was concluded that the energy transfer by pulse microwaves is more efficient than by continuous irradiation, and microwave-cured polyurethane films were very much harder than oven-cured materials. 

References Continuous-flow tests Temperature, °C Catalyst LHSV, L/L/h Product dry 0, wt%... 

---