Forces reaction

Alder reaction forced us to look for alternative surfactants. 

To assure that a system meets these requirements, the computed displacement-stress range Se shall not exceed the allowable stress range [Eqs. (10-93) and (10-94)], the reaction forces [Eq. (10-105)] shall not be detrimental to supports or connected equipment, and movement of the piping shall be within any prescribed hmits. 

Maximum Reactions for Simple Systems For two-anchor systems without intermediate restraints, the maximum instantaneous values of reaction forces and moments may be estimated from Eqs, (10-105) and (10-106),... 

R = range of reaction forces or moments (derived from flexibility analysis) corresponding to the full displacement-stress range and based on E, Ibf or in lbf (N or N mm)... 

FIG. 20-78 Reaction in compacts of magnesium carbonate when pressed (P = 671 kg/cnr ). (a) Stress contour levels in kilograms per square centimeter, (h) Density contours in percent solids, (c) Reaction force developed at wedge responsible for stress and density patterns. [Tf ain, Trans. Inst. Cbem. Eng. (London), 35, 258 (1957).]... 

Consider reaction forces on vented equipment from the discharge of explosion products from the vent. 

It is not certain whether Sir Humphrey Davy (Fig. 1-7) knew of these considerations. He accepted a commission from the Admiralty for the protection of copper-clad wooden ships, which had been introduced in 1761. During his numerous laboratory experiments, he discovered the cathodic protection of copper by zinc or iron [3]. Davy had already put forward the hypothesis in 1812 that chemical and electrical changes are identical or at least arise from the same material property. He believed that chemical reaction forces could be reduced or increased by altering the electric state of the material. Materials can combine only if they have different electric charges. If an originally positive material can be artificially negatively... 

Dissimilar elastic beam Stiffness reaction forces... 

Always check for reaction force from the tailpipe. 

The dynamic compressors, axial and centrifugal, exhibit one other non-steady force, which is often questioned by foundation designers. This is the torque reaction force at the casing feet and, thus, the foundation due to surge. As a rule of thumb, a value of A the maximum steady-state torque reaction at the casing feet can be used. The frequency is the surge frequency, which is less than operating speed but not readily predictable, because it is heavily dependent on the connected system. 

The most spectacular failure of this sort occurred when the exit pipe from a high-pressure ammonia converter was constructed from carbon steel instead of l A% Cr, 0.5% Mo. Hydrogen attack occurred, and a hole appeared at a bend. The hydrogen leaked out, and the reaction forces pushed the converter over. 

Consideration shonld be given to reaction forces that develop dnring venting. 

Nichols (1999) describes a nnmber of reaction forces that are generated dnring deflagrations and detonations in piping systems snch as ... 

Huff, J. E., Plots Through Emergency Relief Devices and Reaction Forces, Journal Loss Prevention Process Induslnes, (3), 43-49, January 1990. 

While the modified energy equation provides for calculation of the flowrates and pressure drops in piping systems, the impulse-momenlum equation is required in order to calculate the reaction forces on curved pipe sections. I he impulse-momentum equation relates the force acting on the solid boundary to the change in fluid momentum. Because force and momentum are both vector quantities, it is most convenient to write the equations in terms of the scalar components in the three orthogonal directions. 

Water flows through a 120° reducing bend at a rate of 100 gpm. The inlet diameter of the bend is 2 in. and the outlet diameter is 1 in. (see Figure 2-23). What is the reaction force on the bend ... 

Fulcrum technique Utilizes a bending movement principle to create a force on the bit to counteract reaction forces that are tending to push the bit in a given direction. 

Water leaves the 25 mm diameter nozzle of a fire hose at a velocity of 25 m/s. What will be the reaction force at the nozzle which the fireman will need to counterbalance ... 

The pipe bracket must therefore exert a reaction force of —49.1 N in the F-direction, that is in the direction in which the fluid is accelerating. Similarly, the force in the X-direction = 49.1 N... 

Figure 14. Principle of an astatic levers support system. The mirror rests on three fixed points but the total weight is distributed on a number of levers, which, by design, apply reaction forces proportional to the cosine of the zenithal angle.

The friction coefficient is defined as the tangential force acting on a sliding body to the ground reaction force. For rubbers this is a function of the ground pressure. Its dependence has been discussed sufficiently in the literature where it was shown that this is important for soft rubbers on smooth surfaces [2,3], but is of little influence for tire compounds on roads which are always sufficiently rough for the load dependence to be small if not completely absent [4,5]. 

In order to study the attraction of masses of the earth which moves around the axis of rotation, it seems appropriate to use the field g, which depends on the distribution of masses and the angular velocity, as well as coordinates of the point. Besides, it has a physical meaning of the reaction force per unit mass. However, it has one very serious shortcoming, namely, unlike the attraction force it is directed outward. In other words, it differs strongly from the attraction field, in spite of the fact that the contribution of rotation is extremely small. To overcome this problem we introduce the gravitational field g which differs from the reaction field in direction only ... 

In mixed installations, reactions are often carried out batchwise, whereas the subsequent isolation and purification steps are performed continuously. Sometimes the character of the chemical reaction forces running the reaction in a continuous manner, while existing batch facilities for isolation and purification of the product are used to process the reaction mixture from the reactor. An example of this type of mixed plant is presented in Example 7.1.2. 

The response of the overall structure may be determined by the same techniques described above. The difference between directly loaded elements and supporting elements is the force amplitude and pulse shape of the applied loading. The loading on the overall stmctural system is determined from the reaction force time histories from directly loaded elements. Note that the loads on supporting members, frames, or shear walls, in some cases, may comprise reaction forces from pressures acting on the front and back faces of the structure simultaneously, taking into account the different arrival times of the blast wave. 

A. Pressure Drop Not More Than 3 / of Set Pressure B. Long Radius Elbow C. If Distance is Greater Than 10 Feet/ Weight and Reaction Forces Should be Supported Below the Long Radius Elbow. 

Another important consideration is the reaction forces generated when the relieved materials flow through the relief system at high speed. The API RP 5207 has some guidelines however, normal stress analysis is the recommended method. 

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