Rates variables, effect

The scale-up of conventional cake filtration uses the basic filtration equation (eq. 4). Solutions of this equation exist for any kind of operation, eg, constant pressure, constant rate, variable pressure—variable rate operations (2). The problems encountered with scale-up in cake filtration are in estabHshing the effective values of the medium resistance and the specific cake resistance. 

For catastrophic demand-related pump failures, the variability is explained by the following factors listed in their order of importance system application, pump driver, operating mode, reactor type, pump type, and unidentified plant-specific influences. Quantitative failure rate adjustments are provided for the effects of these factors. In the case of catastrophic time-dependent pump failures, the failure rate variability is explained by three factors reactor type, pump driver, and unidentified plant-specific Influences. Point and confidence interval failure rate estimates are provided for each selected pump by considering the influential factors. Both types of estimates represent an improvement over the estimates computed exclusively from the data on each pump. The coded IPRDS data used in the analysis is provided in an appendix. A similar treatment applies to the valve data. 

Yeragani VK, Berger R, Pohl R (1992) Effects of yohimbine on heart rate variability in panic disorder patients and normal controls a study of power spectral analysis of heart rate. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 20 609-618... 

The apparent variable effect of age on drug metabolism is probably due to the fact that age is only one of many factors that affect drug metabolism. For example, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, dietary modification, drugs, viral illness, caffeine intake, and other unknown factors also affect the rate of drug metabolism. 

Heart rate variability Methylcobalamin produces improvement in several components of heart rate variability, suggesting a balancing effect on the nervous system. 

IV. Smaller but possibly significant effects of warming rate and packaging environment are shown in Figure 6, complicated by interaction with the irradiation temperature. The effects of both packaging and warming rate variables were largest at — 196°C. The lowest irradiation flavor intensity... 

Gokce M, Karahan B, Yilmaz R, Orem C, Erdol C, Ozdemir S. Long term effects of hormone replacement therapy on heart rate variability, QT interval, QT dispersion and frequencies of arrhythmia. Int J Cardiol 2005 99 373-9. 

Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease. Thus, the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), conducted from 1992 to 1994, found that 27% of the USA adult population had hypertension. The prevalence varies with age, race, education, and many other variables. Sustained arterial hypertension damages blood vessels in kidney, heart, and brain and leads to an increased incidence of renal failure, coronary disease, cardiac failure, and stroke. Effective pharmacologic lowering of blood pressure has been shown to prevent damage to blood vessels and to substantially reduce morbidity and mortality rates. Many effective drugs are available. Knowledge of their antihypertensive mechanisms and sites of action allows accurate prediction of efficacy and toxicity. As a result, rational use of these agents, alone or in combination, can lower blood pressure with minimal risk of serious toxicity in most patients. 

It should be noted that in the case of water-insoluble long chain mercaptans, the thermodynamic effect as in the case with n-octadecane, may also depress the rate. Similar effects may be anticipated in emulsion copolymerizations, and polymerizations involving several monomers where one or more are highly water-insoluble. These effects would then be superimposed on the other variables of the polymerization. 

The objective of the present work is to evaluate the effect of a wide range of process or reaction variables— reaction temperature, hydrogen partial pressure, catalyst loading, and reaction time—on hydrodesulfurization and hydrogenation of filtered liquid product (coal-derived liquid) obtained from the coal dissolution stage in the presence of a commercial presulfided Co-Mo-Al catalyst. The selectivity for desulfurization over hydrogenation (Se) is used to rate the effectiveness of the above mentioned process variables. Se is defined as the fraction of sulfur removal per unit (g) of hydrogen consumed, that is,... 

In the development of new antipsychotics, cQT intervals are routinely evaluated but it is currently unclear how predictive these are of clinically significant cardiotoxicity or sudden death. For this reason, the heart rate variability (HRV) index has been developed. It has been shown that the HRV decreases after TCAs and clozapine. In a comparison of the acute effects of olanzapine, risperidone and thioridazine in healthy male volunteers, olanzapine was shown to increase, thioridazine to decrease while risperidone was without effect on the HRV. A decrease in the HRV is an established predictor of poor cardiac outcome. The cardiac changes were unrelated to the degree of sedation caused by the drugs. 

Dog 4 Whole body 24-30 30 min Ginical signs included lacrimation, salivation, retching, vomiting. Variable effects on pube, respiratory rate, increases in body temperature. LOAEL 24 Barbour 1919 (as cited in MOSH1976)... 

In 42 methadone-maintained women methadone had profound effects on fetal neurobehavioral functioning, implying a disruption of or threat to fetal neural development (45). At peak concentrations the fetuses had slower heart rates, less heart rate variability, fewer heart rate accelerations, reduced duration of movements, reduced motor activity, and a lower degree of coupling between... 

Fig. 18 (pp. 154-156). Effect of design variables on annular solids flow calculated from the data of Thorley el al. for wheat (Tl, T2). (a) Effect of bed depth (b) effect of air flow rate (c) effect of column diameter (d) effect of orifice diameter (e) effect of cone angle. 

Nishiyama T, Nakayama H, Hanaoka K. Sevoflurane or thiopental-isoflurane for induction and laryngeal mask insertion Comparison by side effects, hemodynamics, and spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Anesth Resusc 1999 35 99-103. 

Antacids Indometacin ( other NSAIDs) Variable effects of different formulations aluminium-containing antacids reduce the rate and extent of absorption of indometacin sodium bicarbonate increases the rate and extent of absorption of indometacin No action required, unless a marked reduction in absorption results in a poor response to the NSAID, in which case dosages may need to be increased or the antacid withdrawn... 

Prior to the construction of the kinetic model, one has to perform a detailed analysis of the experimental data in order to identify the main rate-limiting effects and the relationships that may exist between the different kinetic variables. A procedure for data analysis is described and illustrated for the previously obtained experimental results. 

Effects of the test substance on the autonomic nervous system should be assessed. For example, binding to receptors relevant for the autonomic nervous system, functional responses to agonists or antagonists in vivo or in vitro, direct stimulation of autonomic nerves and measurement of cardiovascular responses, baroreflex testing, and heart rate variability can be used. 

The effects of sample preparation variability on assay variability are well known and should be considered when acceptable variations within the analytical method are set in place. Pipetting errors, sample collection errors, time, and temperature of sample preparation may all contribute to slight differences in the amount of analyte extracted or prepared within a given sample. Additionally, HPLC instrumentation may also exhibit injector or flow rate variability leading to differences in retention times and peak responses. Column aging and buildup of lipids and proteins within the HPLC components may ultimately cause pressure fluctuations and mechanical problems if the instrument is not properly maintained. 

The main variable is Fr, which represents the influence of gas input rate (and also the energy input rate). Its effect on holdup is much stronger in the downcomer than in the riser, and the balance between the two gives an exponent of almost 1 (1.05) for the total holdup. Interestingly, the behavior of holdup in the gas separator is very close to that of total holdup. As draft-tube bottom clearance ct b increases. Or decreases. ... 

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