Ultimate cause

These oligomerization steps result in a continuous increase in viscosity of the desired isocyanate and ultimately cause sohdification. 

Figure 18 shows a widely used test configuration where the matrix is a sphere of resin deposited as a liquid onto the fiber and allowed to solidify. The top end of the fiber is attached to a load-sensing device, and the matrix is contacted by load points affixed to the crosshcad of a load frame or another tensioning apparatus. When the load points are made to move downward, the interface experiences a shear stress that ultimately causes debonding of the fiber from the matrix. 

Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the synapse or junction of the axon terminal of motoneurons with the highly excitable region of the muscle fibre s plasma membrane. Neuronal signals pass through the NMJ via the neurotransmitter ACh. Consequent initiation of action potentials across the muscle s cell surface ultimately causes the muscle contraction. 

Impingement or erosion-corrosion. Where exfoliated magnetite from high heat-flux areas, such as superheaters and reheaters, occurs, apart from the damage caused in turbine areas or process components, the particles may be swept into the condensate system, ultimately causing further erosion throughout the entire system... 

The detailed analysis of proximal ecological events is the only means by which we can reasonably hope to inform our guesses about the ultimate causes of the ways in which organisms behave. Harper (1982)... 

Because of their wide-ranging and holistic character, assays of behavioral effects have been used as screening procedures when testing for neurotoxicity (see, for example, Iversen 1991, Tilson 1993). They can provide sensitive indications of neurotoxic disturbances, which can then be traced back to their ultimate cause by using mechanistic biomarker assays. 

It is shown that the Ekman layers behind the flame front, generated by the rotational speed changes of the gas owing to expansion, cause flame detachment from the walls and reduction in flame width in the rotating vessels, ultimately causing flame quenching. 

Asphyxiants interfere with the body s oxygen uptake mechanisms. Air normally contains 21% oxygen. Oxygen deficiency in inhaled air, e.g. due to the presence of nitrogen, argon, or carbon dioxide in a confined space, depending on the concentration and duration, may affect the body and ultimately cause death from simple anoxia (Table 4.7). 

The major drawback of these models, however, is their lack of a clear reference between model components and constituent parts of the biological system (e.g. structures like ion channels, transporter proteins, receptors, etc.). These models, therefore, do not permit the simulation of patho-physiological detail, such as the series of events that follows a reduction in oxygen supply to the cardiac muscle and, ultimately, causes serious disturbances in heart rhythm. 

The lipophilieity of MDMA apparently preeludes maintaining such concentrations when the drug is rapidly administered directly into the brain. Although these results exclude a peripheral metabolite of MDMA as the causative agent in its acute effect on TPH activity, they do not eliminate a role for a central metabolite. The ultimate cause of this effect of MDMA and related drugs therefore remains to be determined. 

A focused XFEL beam is not only probing the samples structure - it is as well able to excite the material - ultimately causing melting, ablation or even carbonization within picoseconds. 

The EfZ ratio of stilbenes obtained in the Rh2(OAc)4-catalyzed reaction was independent of catalyst concentration in the range given in Table 22 357). This fact differs from the copper-catalyzed decomposition of ethyl diazoacetate, where the ratio diethyl fumarate diethyl maleate was found to depend on the concentration of the catalyst, requiring two competing mechanistic pathways to be taken into account 365), The preference for the Z-stilbene upon C ClO -or rhodium-catalyzed decomposition of aryldiazomethanes may be explained by the mechanism given in Scheme 39. Nucleophilic attack of the diazoalkane at the presumed metal carbene leads to two epimeric diazonium intermediates 385, the sterically less encumbered of which yields the Z-stilbene after C/C rotation 357,358). Thus, steric effects, favoring 385a over 385 b, ultimately cause the preferred formation of the thermodynamically less stable cis-stilbene. 

Arsine is extremely toxic and a potent hemolytic agent, ultimately causing death via renal failure. Numerous human case reports are available, but these reports lack definitive quantitative exposure data. The reports, however, affirm the extreme toxicity and latency period for the toxic effects of arsine in humans. 

Although the ultimate cause of a blowout is human error to control the hydraulic wellbore pressure with drilling mud, in some cases the failure of the BOP to control the situation also contributed to the incident. The causes of the BOP failures are analyzed below ... 

Figure 7.1 Schematic illustration of the electron cycles that ultimately cause a sensation of pain in the teeth in people who have metallic fillings and who have inadvertently eaten a piece of aluminium ( silver ) foil, e.g. while eating sweets...

One of the most common causes of skin cancer is excessive sunbathing. Radicals are generated in the skin during irradiation with high-intensity UV-light, e.g. while lying on a beach. These radicals react with other compounds in the skin, which may ultimately cause skin cancer. But we never see these radicals by eye, because their concentration is so minuscule. And the concentration is so small because the radicals react so fast. (Photo-ionization is discussed in Chapter 9.)... 

In some specific instances where an error just cannot be avoided it may be convenient to enforce an appropriate correction for the effect that it ultimately causes for instance the inherent impurity present in a weighed precipitate can be estimated first and then deducted duly from its weight. 

It is an usual practice that when a solid substance is to be assayed, an aliquot quantity of the same may be weighed accurately and dissolved in sufficient water so that the resulting solution should have more or less the same equivalent concentration as that of the acid used in the titration. Methyl orange (pH range = 3.0 to 4.4) is the indicator of choice for obvious reasons, as phenolphthalein and most other indicators are instantly affected by the carbonic acid (H2C03) generated in the reaction which ultimately cause a change in colour even before the reaction attains completion. 

---