Rapid-test methods method

A variety of miscellaneous elements can also occur in a residual fuel oil fraction. For example, chlorine is present as a chlorinated hydrocarbon and can be determined (ASTM D808, D1317, D6160). A rapid test method suitable for analysis of samples by nontechnical personnel is also available (ASTM D5384) and uses a commercial test kit where the oil sample is reacted with metallic sodium to convert organic halogens to halide, which is titrated with mercuric nitrate using diphenyl carbazone indicator. Iodides and bromides are reported as chloride. 

United Nations International Drug Control Programme, Rapid Testing Methods of Drugs of Abuse , ST/NAR/13/BJiV.l, United Nations, New York, 1994. 

Riediker, S., J.M. Diserens, and R.H. Stadler. 2001. Analysis of P-lactam antibiotics in incurred raw milk by rapid test methods and liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49 4171—4176. 

Within an investigation to develop rapid test methods to determine the migration from paper and board into food ° the migration of dibutyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate and DIPN from a corrugated board intended for use for... 

A more rapid test method, developed by the British Textile Technology Group in the late 1980s, is based on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) luminescence. The growth of microorganisms is assessed by firefly bioluminescent detection and ATP analysis. ... 

Till date, the problem of pelliculization of gelatin products has found major solutions in 1) understanding of the chemistry 2) identification of stabilizers that can be added in formulation fills or films 3) development of rapid test methods for evaluation of possibility of pellicle formation and 4) introduction of two-tier... 

The continued concern over various residues and additives lead to more efficient and rapid testing methods. Conventional chromatographic testing will be replaced by a 2-tiered approach involving rapid on the spot screening (bio-sensor, immunoassay or portable GC) followed by confirmation by conventional methods. More selective detectors such as mass spectrometry (MS), tandem MS-MS and Fourier Transform infra-red wiU be used and sample preparation will be improved by using SPE, new extraction technologies, and laboratory robotics [36]. 

Single well slug test is a rapid test method to determine hydrogeological parameters on site based on the Continuity Equation of Water Elow, Mass Conservation Principle and Momentum Conservation Principle. 

Rapid test method on hetero elements and functional groups... 

The rapid test methods either involve unbiased storage in saturated conditions (up to 131°C/100% RH) or are based upon lifetests in very high temperatures and relative humidities (up to 150°C/81% RH). The first of these options has long been favoured by semiconductor manufacturers because the required conditions can be produced easily and there is no need to apply bias an autoclave containing water and the test specimens is simply placed into a constant temperature oven. The second option has been a research technique for many years but is now finding more widespread use thanks to the recent availability of commercially made test chambers these are autoclaves in which it is possible to establish two temperature zones and thereby produce an unsaturated condition. 

In order to emphasise the advantages and limitations of the rapid test methods, a comparison will be made of the results obtained when... 

Today s rapid-test methods range from the traditional DC load to AC conductance to advanced electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Each has its advantages and limitations—and none fully satisfies all requirements. No single device can assess all battery characteristics on the fly. Much like a doctor examining a patient, or a weatherman forecasting the weather, several methods are needed to assess the overall condition. 

As a result, bearing in mind the limitations of both of these rapid test methods, they may become very handy to help build a story for a corrosion case where there is no immediate access to laboratory facilities. 

Zelinka S. L. and Stone D. S. (2011), Corrosion of Metals in Wood Comparing The Results of a Rapid Test Method with Long-term Exposure Tests Across Six Wood Treatments. CorrosSci, 53,1708-14. 

The analytical research and development (R D) unit is often responsible for the preparation and vahdation of test methods. The R D lab is not faced with the same pressures for rapid analysis as the QC unit, where pending results often hold up production. In addition, R D often assigns personnel to specific instmments or techniques, whereas QC generally requires technicians to perform varied analyses. This leads to an expertise on the part of analytical chemists and technicians which is difficult to duphcate in QC. Therefore the R D test method should be mgged enough to withstand the different environment of the QC lab and stiU provide vahd results. 

Rapid, simple, quaUtative methods suitable for determining the presence of benzene in the workplace or surroundings have been utilized since the 1930s. Many early tests offered methods for detection of aromatics but were not specific for benzene. A straightforward test allowing selective detection of benzene involves nitration of a sample to y -dinitrobenzene and reaction of the resultant ether extract with an ethanoHc solution of sodium hydroxide and methyl ethyl ketone (2-butanone), followed by the addition of acetic acid to eliminate interferences from toluene and xylenes. Benzene imparts a persistent red color to the solution (87). The method is claimed to be sensitive to concentrations as low as 0.27 ppm benzene from 10 mL air samples. 

Special-Purpose Resins, Repair Resins. Fractured acryflc dentures can be repaired with materials similar in composition to cold-cured denture resins. These materials generally cure more rapidly because of the relative simple manipulations involved. The process is quick and there is fltde dimensional change, but the strength of the repaired denture may be only half that of the original appliance (213). Test methods and requirements of these materials are given in ANSI/ADA specification no. 13 for denture cold-curing repair resins. 

The investigation leads to the elaboration of solid-phase spectrophotometric and test methods of different cationic surfactants determination in water. The detection limits of cationic surfactants with hydrocarbon radical length is 0.7 mg/dm, is 0.2 mg/dm, C is 0.009 mg/dm and is 0.003 mg/dm by using a 100 cm sample. Metrological performance of method was examined on the natural samples. Proposed method is highly sensitive, simple, rapid and guarantees ecological purity of analysis. 

Recently test-methods of the analysis are widely used they differ by rapidity, cheapness, simplicity of detenuination and don t demand availability of the expensive equipment. These methods are used at the control of manufacture, in diagnostic labs, in field and domestic conditions etc. Test -technique have received special distribution in the analysis of objects of environment natural and sewages, soils, air. The improvement both existing and developing of new methods and techniques of test-determination of elements is an actual problem of modern analytical chemistry. 

Although important contributions in the use of electrical measurements in testing have been made by numerous workers it is appropriate here to refer to the work of Stern and his co-workerswho have developed the important concept of linear polarisation, which led to a rapid electrochemical method for determining corrosion rates, both in the laboratory and in plant. Pourbaix and his co-workers on the basis of a purely thermodynamic approach to corrosion constructed potential-pH diagrams for the majority of metal-HjO systems, and by means of a combined thermodynamic and kinetic approach developed a method of predicting the conditions under which a metal will (a) corrode uniformly, (b) pit, (c) passivate or (d) remain immune. Laboratory tests for crevice corrosion and pitting, in which electrochemical measurements are used, are discussed later. 

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