Race relations

Nowhere was New Orleans Mediterranean heritage more apparent than in its race relations. In this most un-American of American cities, blacks and whites lived on the same streets, shared rooming houses, and danced, gambled, ate, drank, and made love in the same integrated places of public accommodation, despite abundant laws to the contrary. Upper-class whites hired free men of color to teach their daughters music, and black and white veterans of the Battle of New Orleans of 1812 wined and dined together at celebratory banquets. 

What should you read We have polled English professors and teachers, college counselors and admissions officers for their ideas. Here is a list of books and periodicals that offer pieces on current events, book reviews, science, history, race relations, sports, and other topics. Choose essays that appeal to you there is no need to force yourself to read about something that holds little personal interest. You can be assured of finding superior writing on a wide variety of subjects in the following ... 

The treatment of race in the sciences underwent two fundamental changes in the years between the eugenic triumph of 1924 and the post-World War II period culture eclipsed biology as the prime determinant of the social behavior of races, and race relations displaced character-ology as the major field of racial inquiry. Both of these trends significantly revised the race concept in general, and had especially profound impli-... 

Whereas the first development in mid-century scholarship represented a thoroughgoing revision of the race concept, this latter development represented a shift in the locus of scholarly inquiry. An interest in various kinds of typology and in discovering essential traits or the paths of development of this or that race—interests that had shaped the scholarship from Blumenbach on down—now gave way to the more immediate question of social relations. Race relations now came into its own as a field, from the Chicago school s sociological studies of urban cultural ge-... 

In The Nature of Race Relations (1939), Robert Ezra Park defined the phrase itself as referring to the relations existing between peoples distinguished by marks of racial descent, particularly when these racial differences enter into consciousness of the individuals and groups so distinguished, and by doing so determine in each case the individual s conception of himself as well as his status in the community. Further,... 

Chicago Sun, Oct. 22, 1945. Social Forces, quoted in Race Relations, Jan. 1946, inside back cover. 

Robert E. Park, The Nature of Race Relations [1939], in Race and Culture Essays in the Sociology of Contemporary Man (New York Free Press, 1950),... 

My account of the exhibit is based on a panel-by-panel description in the Monthly Summary of Events and Trends in Race Relations, Oct. 1944, pp. 87-88. A slightly different version is summarized as an appendix to Ashley Montagu s Race Man s Most Dangerous Myth. Benedict s Races of Mankind was also rendered as an eleven-minute cartoon, The Brotherhood of Man, by a group of Popular Front animators affiliated with the United Auto Workers. See Denning, Cultural Front, pp. 419-420. 

Survey Graphic, Color Unfinished Business of Democracy, (Nov. 1942). Other issues devoted entirely to race include Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Minority Peoples in a Nation at War (Sept. 1942) Journal of Negro Education, The American Negro in World War I and World War II (Summer 1943) Journal of Educational Sociology, The Negro in the North during Wartime (Jan. 1944) and Race Relations on the Pacific Coast (Nov. 1945). 

By 1945 the number of active organizations stood at over two hundred, concerning themselves with public education, surveys, pressure activities (like petition drives and protests), education, conferences, employment, recreation, delinquency, police administration, health, antitension campaigns, housing, and transportation. Race Relations, Jan. 1944, p. 2 March 1945, pp. 234-236 Nov. 1945, pp. 116-118. 

This period also marked the expansion of scientific employment opportunities for African Americans outside of historically black colleges and universities (Atkins, 1949). These changes did not come without pressure from the federal government, however. In fact, much of the progress has been attributed to the efforts of the FEPC, which was mandated to draw on all of the United States human resources during a national crisis. In short, a critical shortage of scientists and engineers expedited the recruitment of African American scientific talent (A Monthly Summary of Events and Trends in Race Relations, 1945, p. 6). 

A Monthly Summary of Events and Trends in Race Relations (1945). 3, 4-8, 53-55. 

Our blood type is determined by a gene that is present on chromosome 9, near the end of the long arm. There are four general blood types A, AB, B, and O. Some of these are intermixable while others are not. For instance, A blood from a person is compatible with A and AB B with B and AB AB with only AB and O blood is compatible with all of the blood types—a person with type O is then a universal donor. These compatibility scenarios are not race-related. For all but the native Americans who have almost totally type O, the rest of us have about 40% type O another 40% type A 15% type B and 5% type AB. (Some of the Eskimos are type AB or B and some Canadian tribes are type A.) A and B are codominant versions of the same gene and O is the recessive form of this gene. 

The incidence rate is 1 100,000 inhabitants/year. The prevalence of this disease in patients with manifestation is estimated at 1 30,000 and in heterozygote symptom carriers at 1 100 to 1 200 of the population, i.e. 5-30 patients/1 million inhabitants. Wilson s disease appears in childhood, adolescence and early adulthood. Initial occurrence before the 5 or after the 35 year of life is considered to be an exception. However, mild courses of disease have also been diagnosed beyond the age of 50. (321, 323) Most patients develop the first clinical symptoms around the age of 15. Geographical or race-related differences in frequency have not been reported. However, a higher incidence is found in regions with strong consanguinity (e. g. Sardinia, Israel). 

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