Types, blood

Plasma protein fractions are used to treat hypovolemic (low blood volume) shock that occurs as the result of bums, trauma, surgery, and infections, or in conditions where shock is not currently present but likely to occur. Plasma protein fractions are also used to treat hypoproteinemia (a deficiency of protein in the blood), as might be seen in patients with nephrotic syndrome and hepatic cirrhosis, as well as other diseases or disorders. As with human pooled plasma, blood type and crossmatch is not needed when plasma protein fractions are given. 

Baseline labs should include CBC and blood typing in case transfusion is needed... 

People of blood type O are more susceptible to El Tor vibrios than people of other blood types.18 Inoculum size affects the likelihood and severity of cholera infection. The infectious dose is lower in patients who are taking antacids owing to the neutralization of gastric acid.19... 

Explain how various blood types are determined and what blood types are compatible for transfusion... 

Erythrocytes are labeled with cell surface antigens that determine blood type. Two types of inherited antigens are found on red blood cells A antigens and B antigens. Accordingly, four blood types are possible (see Table 16.1) ... 

Blood Type Possible genotypes Antibodies produced Possible transfusions Frequency in U.S. 

Type AB blood contains A and B antigens on the red blood cells. Therefore, individuals with this blood type produce neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies and can receive a transfusion of any blood type. Individuals with type AB blood are referred to as universal recipients. 

The H-type 2 determinant (Scheme 2.9) is found largely on the surface of erythrocytes and the epidermis of type O persons, at the termini of membrane associated glycoproteins.18 Persons of blood types A and B also possess this determinant, which is further glycosylated at its galactose nonreducing terminus with a galactosamine (type A) or galactose moiety (type B). The solid phase assembly of... 

In both their industrial and biological functions, the 3-dimensional characteristics of carbohydrates are important. Many of these stereochemical features are described for carbohydrates in the classic text by Stoddart (2). The inqportance of stereochemistry is underscored by the unique chemical and physical properties of the individual sugars, many of which are configurational isomers. Stereochemistry also plays a role in detentlining the properties of polysaccharides. Molecular shape is as significant for the properties of an industrially modified starch as it is for the recognition of one particular blood type and the rejection of others. 

Our blood type is determined by a gene that is present on chromosome 9, near the end of the long arm. There are four general blood types A, AB, B, and O. Some of these are intermixable while others are not. For instance, A blood from a person is compatible with A and AB B with B and AB AB with only AB and O blood is compatible with all of the blood types—a person with type O is then a universal donor. These compatibility scenarios are not race-related. For all but the native Americans who have almost totally type O, the rest of us have about 40% type O another 40% type A 15% type B and 5% type AB. (Some of the Eskimos are type AB or B and some Canadian tribes are type A.) A and B are codominant versions of the same gene and O is the recessive form of this gene. 

Aizawa et al. developed immunosensors of the first type for syphilis and blood typing [228-230] based on measurements of the transmembrane potential across an immunoresponsive membrane. The potentiometric immunosensor using an antibody against human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)... 

ABO blood groups—Blood types important in transfusions and transplants blood types of donor and recipient must match to prevent deadly transfusion reactions. 

Blood transfusion—Transfer of blood, or blood components, into the body to replace blood lost in an accident, surgery, or childbirth, or to supplement a lack of blood components. Used routinely and safely due to ABO blood type matching and testing for infections in the blood, such as HIV. 

If you have type-0 blood, then you re very popular with the local hospitals and blood banks, because you re a universal donor. Approximately 45 percent of the population has type-0 blood, 40 percent has type-A blood, 11 percent has type-B blood, and 4 percent has type-AB blood. Along with the four blood types in terms of letters, you are either RH+ or RH-. So, technically, there are eight different blood types 0+, 0-, A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, and AB-. 

Donor blood type Acceptor blood type ... 

A look at the role of the oligosaccharides that determine blood type in the adhesion of H. pylori to the stomach lining, producing ulcers. 

Includes discussion of the human A, B, and 0 blood type determinants. 

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