Quality Control and Processing

J. Palm, S. lost, R. Hock and V. Probst, Raman spectroscopy for quality control and process optimization of chalcopyrite thin films and devices. Thin Solid Films, 515, 5913-5916 (2007). 

Statistical process control (SPC), also called statistical quality control and process validation (PV), represents two sides of the same coin. SPC comprises the various mathematical tools (histogram, scatter diagram run chart, and control chart) used to monitor a manufacturing process and to keep it within in-process and final product specification limits. Lord Kelvin once said, When you can measure what you are speaking about and express it in numbers, then you know something about it. Such a thought provides the necessary link between the two concepts. Thus, SPC represents the tools to be used, while PV represents the procedural environment in which those tools are used. 

Boyer T, Levitus S (1994) Quality control and processing of historical oceanographic temperature, salinity, and oxygen data. NOAA, Washington DC... 

Hundreds of laboratories currently utilize microwave systems to accelerate the preparation of samples for research purposes, quality control and process control analyses. 

ACassurance is the quality assurance expert system that will be used by the MANAGER and the ANALYST to assist in the execution of a laboratory quality assurance program. Incorporated into this expert system are modules that will be used to provide instruction and advice to the laboratory personnel in carrying out their tasks and completing the analysis procedures. ACanalyst, the quality control and process control expert system, will comprise five modules that will be used in methods selection, process control, analysis, fault diagnosis, and quality control. 

Ogbomo I, Kittsteiner-Eberle R, Engelbrecht U, Prinizing U, Danzer J and Schmidt H-L 1991 Flow-injection systems for the determination of oxidoreductase substrates applications in food quality control and process monitoring Anal. Chim. Acta 249 137-43... 

LaborQ - Laboratory of Quality Control and Process Monitoring,... 

The on-line instrumentation development needs can be divided along the traditional lines of quality control and process control instrumentation The interrelationship between the two and the proposed mode of interaction are shown in Figure 9 The quality control instruments, in an operational and a practical sense, are located outside the preparation plant As a result of data obtained on product quality, the quality control instrument interacts with the plant feed and the process control instrumentation to optimize the use of raw material consistent with the desired product specifications This feedback loop can be automatic however, current practice places the preparation plant superintendent or engineer in the loop and the quality control measurement in a remote laboratory, resulting in manual control scheme with a long time delay The process control instrumentation controls a single unit operation and the instrumentation is unique to each unit operation Their set points are established by the output from the quality control Instruments ... 

Thermal analysis techniques can be also be used as in-line monitors for both quality control and process optimization tools [31]. In bioreactors, heat is associated with the reactions occurring and calorimetric data are used to monitor the reactions and help keep the reactor in the appropriate temperature zone for producing the desired product. Figure 18 shows the heat effects observed in an isothermal reaction calorimeter as different reactants are exhausted. These data can be used to control the quality of the product during manufacturing. 

Bruggemann, H., "Means of Quality Control and Process Optimization in Cement Manufacturing," Cements, Betons, Platres, Chaux, No. 2,1988, pp. 91-96. 

In-process controls may be performed in regular intervals during a process step or at the end of a process step. The objectives of in-process controls are both quality control and process control. 

Over the past years MIR, NIR, and Raman spectroscopy have been further developed to a point where each technique can be considered a potential candidate for industrial quality-control and process-monitoring applications. However, adding up the specific advantages and disadvantages of the individual techniques, NIR spectroscopy is certainly the most flexible and advanced alternative. 

Her, 1979) to name a few. The NMR process yields additional information about the chemical form of the soluble sihca consituents. A significant fraction of the soluble silica ions is bonded to other silica ions in solution, forming dimers and higher order complex ions (Harris, 1982). This method is difficult to implement for quality control and process optimization on a routine basis. However, the conductivity or the pH of the dispersion is straightforward to monitor and stabilizes at comparable times to the soluble silica concentration. 

Unfortunately, space constraints have prevented detailed discussions of an array of techniques that further enhance the utility of vibrational spectroscopy in polymer studies. These include surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and waveguide Raman spectroscopy for the study of surfaces, and for quality-control and process studies. The latter technique, particularly in conjunction with multivariate analysis software routines, is rapidly becoming important in monitoring and controlling modern production facilities. However, discussion of these and other areas can be found in many of the references cited in this chapter. 

For decades, statistics has been applied to problems related to quality control and process improvement in the manufacturing environn nt. The applicability of statistical methods in the chemical process research and development area has also been recognized for many years. Despite the advantages offered by a statistical treatment of the data, it has only been recently that the use of design of experiments (DOE) has started to become routine in early pharmaceutical process research and development. 

This detailed article examines recent developments in rubber mixing technology. Section headings include early developments, the factors affecting the mixing of polymeric materials, the mixing process (incorporation, dispersion, roll mills, internal mixers, extmders), novel mixing concepts and systems, instruments for quality control and process optimisation, trends and opportunities, and conclusions. 24 refs. 

Material Testing, Quality Control and Process Control... 

The purpose of material testing may be for problem solving, quality control or process control. In this chapter the discussion will focus primarily on quality control and process control in support of production. The underlying motivation is possible cost-saving and quality improvement. For the latter the uniformity and reproducibility of quality are the most important. The elimination of waste is also considered. 

Evidence examined in the review of space shuttle material, manufacturing, assembly, quality control, and processing of nonconformance reports found no flight hardware shipped to the launch site that fell outside the limits of shuttle design specifications. 

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