Long delay time

With this model, it is predicted that there should be a liquid drop size which, if too large, will result in long delay times and excessive numbers of new embryos to vapor blanket the surface. Thus, small drops (or thin layers) are more prone to escape termination by vapor blanketing. Also, if experimental variables are modified so as to reduce the growth rate of embryos from A to B, e.g., by increasing pressure, again one would expect a lower probability of escalation. These two predictive conclusions appear to be substantiated by experiment. 

The lines of Sm + connected with several types of centers are well studied in fluorite by steady-state luminescence spectroscopy (Tarashchan 1978 Krasilschikova et al. 1986). In time-resolved spectra it is mostly prominent after long delay times and is mainly characterized by the Hnes at 562,595 and 651 nm (Fig. 4.10d). 

Time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy of zircon revealed luminescence lines, which maybe confidentially ascribed to a Eu center (Fig. 4.38d). Usually they are hidden by a broad band yellow emission of zircon and may be detected only with a long delay time using its much longer decay time compared to yellow luminescence. 

Eigures 5.14a,b represent luminescence spectra of scheelite enriched by Eu. Luminescence of Eu " is well known in steady-state spectra of scheelite (Tarash-chan 1978 Gorobets and Kudrina 1980). In time-resolved spectroscopy its relative intensity is stronger after a long delay time, which is explained by the longest decay time of Eu " in scheelite compared to other REE. 

In the time-resolved luminescence, Fe dominates spectra with long delay times. The examples may be seen in feldspars and obsidian (Fig. 4.43), woUastonite (Fig. 4.42b), zircon (Fig. 4.39d), and beryl (Fig. 4.52b). 

Now let us consider the behavior of C for long time delays. In a system where property a is not periodic in time, like a typical chemical system subject to effectively random thermal fluctuations, two measurements separated by a sufficiently long delay time should be completely uncorrelated. If two properties x and y are uncorrelated, then (xy) is equal to (x)(y), so at long times C decays to (a). ... 

G. Gerber In our time-resolved experiments on the NaafZ ) state we observe the symmetric stretch even for long delay times. From nanosecond laser and CW laser spectroscopy it is well known that the B state does not decay on femtosecond or picosecond time scales. So I do not see how the decay in the picosecond experiment by Prof. Woste can be understood and how the evolution of the B state symmetric stretch into the pseudorotation and the radial motion can occur. 

Possible Solutions For accurate kinetic measurements, the effect of z-mode relaxation on ion signals must be controlled. It is impractical to use long delay times between ionization and... 

Figure 24. Normalized, fs-resolved fluorescence transients of the supramolecule BI18C6 in CH3CN without and with the addition of KI in the short (left) and long (right) time ranges from more than 10 gated fluorescence emissions. Note the drastic difference of transients at the long delay time without and with encapsulation of the cation K+.

The baseline constant A can be determined from measured values of G(2) at long delay times r or can be treated as an additional fitting parameter. Unfortunately. the nonlinearity of this regression makes the analysis rather complicated except for the simplified cases of single or double exponential fits. Alternatively. homodyne-measured G(2) data can be converted into (l data using either Eq. (26) or Eq. (27) prior to analysis ... 

The occurrence of the electronic origin 11 in the time-delayed spectrum is not expected on first sight. However, its appearance is a consequence of a thermal repopulation of state II -according to a Boltzmann distribution which applies after a sufficiently long delay time (see Refs. [22,24]) - and of the relatively large transition probability of the II 0 transition. 

Fig. 23b) is measured after a delay time of f = 10 [is and monitored with an integration time of At = 250 [is (time-window). After this long delay time the shortlived emission has totally decayed, i.e. the initial population of state II is depleted. 

Eoor fitting to the biexponential decay function in the short delay times, the estimated uorescence decay times obtained from the measurements at the magic angle were about 10 and 220 ps. From the fitting of the polarized fluorescence in the long delay times, the rotational relaxation time was obtained to be 124 ps. Reliable value for r(0) was not obtained for this case. 

The magnetization intensity /(r) in Eq. (9) is acquired at each CPMG echo time, tj, and expressed as a series of magnetization M(tr r) for a fixed voxel located at r. If a sufficiently long delay time TR (e.g. TK>5Tt) is used, the echoes are attenuated only by transverse relaxation and, for a bulk fluid, the magnetization intensity is described by... 

Two observations about the 0-0 phosphorescence band of PVCA emerge from these experiments. In the first place a clear resolution of this band is, in fact, achieved. In addition, the intensity of this band decreases relative to longer wavelength components by using long delay times on the order of several hundred milliseconds. An obvious corollary to this effect is that apparent phosphorescence decay times will depend upon the wavelength chosen for the measurement. Such effects are not large but they are readily measurable. 

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