Quadriceps

Figure 2. Force generation and energy metabolism in human quadriceps femoris muscle stimulated intermittently at 20 Hz, with 1.6 sec tetani with 1.6 sec rest periods between tetani. The upper panel shows force, ATP turnover rate, and pH the middle panel, the concentrations of PCr, P and lactate and the lower panel, ATP, ADP, IMP, H, and calculated H2PO4. From Hultman et al. (1990), with permission from Human Kinetics Publishers.

Harris, R.C., Sahlin, K., Hultman. E. (1977). Phosphagen and lactate contents of m. quadriceps femoris of man after exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 43. 852-857. 

Physical examination of the musculoskeletal system (e.g., biceps, triceps, quadriceps, temporalis, deltoid, and interosseus muscles) for loss of muscle mass, and examination of the skin and mucous membranes for abnormalities (e.g., noting dry or flaky skin, bruising, edema, ascites, poorly healing wounds) and loss of subcutaneous fat... 

In a report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, pediatric nurses have reported a much higher frequency of complications from IM injections than that observed in the adult population. Twenty-three percent of pediatric nurses surveyed had observed complications (local pain, abscess, hematoma) versus a rate of 0.4% reported in adult patients [86]. Serious complications, such as paralysis from infiltration of the sciatic nerve, quadriceps myofibrosis, and accidental intra-arterial injection, are usually the... 

Dose (mg/kg) Muscle malonyl-CoA0 (quadriceps) Liver malonyl-CoA°... 

A dose of vaccine containing ILf (2-2.5 pg) tetanus toxoid in aluminum phosphate adjuvant at pH 6.0 (1 1) (TT j) or a dose of adjuvant alone in a dose corresponding to the dose given with the vaccine (ADJ) is administered intramuscularly. The administration site is the left hind leg quadriceps see Note 11). 

For human data, volunteers performed one-legged knee extension during which power output is produced mainly from quadriceps muscle, and maximum work rate was performed for at least one minute (Blomstrand et al. (1997))... 

A muscle consists of groups of muscle bundles that join into a tendon at each end. The muscle bundles in the quadriceps are the vastus medialis, rectus femoris, vastus inter-medialis and vastus lateralis. Each bundle is separately wrapped in a sheath of connective tissue. Each muscle is composed of many fibres, packaged into bundles of about... 

Type I is also known as slow twitch fibre. Type llAis also known as fast twitch, and fibre type IIB is also known as fast twitch. Data are from world-class athletes and from fibres in the quadriceps muscle. 

The maximum activity of phosphorylase in human quadriceps muscle is 50 pmol/ min per g or 0.83 pmol/s/g. 

A sample of quadriceps muscle was obtained by biopsy in each case. The data presented are means for two volunteers for sprinting and six volunteers performing strength exercises. 

The administration site is generally the lumbar or quadriceps muscle for rabbits and the gluteus medius muscle for rodents. A control group is given a placebo formulation. A third group may be administered the adjuvant alone. 

P MRS in several human cancers, including non-Hodgkin s lymphoma (NHL), sarcomas of soft tissue and bone, breast cancer, and head and neck cancerInitially, they showed basic technique reproducibility in vitro and for quadriceps muscle in volunteers across participating institutions. Spectral quality and reproducibility varied among the different cancers. Later, they demonstrated that a reproducible measure of PME normalized to nucleoside-triphosphate resonances could be obtained for a select group of matched patients with NHL. ... 

Protein metabolism Cortisol promotes the breakdown of proteins and inhibits protein synthesis. This leads to muscle wasting in the quadriceps-femoris groups, and muscular activities may become difficult as a result. The effect of cortisol is opposite to that of insulin. 

Unfortunately, at least three research protocol features are needed to define the effects of sleep deprivation on athletic performance with any accuracy, (a) The research protocol should isolate the homeostatic from the circadian components as the two so frequently confound each other (3,4). (b) The protocol should include a meaningful competitive event to decrease the chance of motivational confounds and reduce the distortion inherent in extrapolating pieces to a whole (i.e., anaerobic capacity of the quadriceps muscle does not necessarily predict World Cup victory), (c) Finally, the protocol should effectively reduce the myr-... 

Intramuscular injections. Generally, intramuscular injections are made with small gauge needles into the epaxial muscles on either side of the lumbar vertebral column or the quadriceps femoris muscle on the ventral side of either rear leg. Due to the small size of mice, very small volumes (e.g., 0.05 mL) should be injected. 

In combination with counts of ventral roots, femoral axon counts can be used to distinguish peripheral neuropathy from motor neuron death. The nerve has a primarily motor branch that innervates the quadriceps, and a primarily sensory branch that becomes the saphenous nerve more distally (Fig. 20.5). 

Fig. 20.5. Femoral nerve dissection. The motor and sensory branches of the femoral nerve are exposed. The mouse is supine and the right hip is shown (forceps are retracting the abdominal wall, A, P, M, L are anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral respectively, H is hamstring muscles). Some adipose tissue has been removed for clarity. The motor branch of the femoral nerve innervates the quadriceps (Q). The sensory branch becomes the saphenous nerve, which runs adjacent to the saphenous vein (Saph) on the medial side of the thigh. Dissecting the nerve where the tick marks provides a reasonable length of nerve to work with. Note the sensory branch sometimes runs as two fascicles and both should be taken to get reproducible counts. The scale bar is 2 mm. (Color figure is available online).

Monnin, T. and Peeters, C. (1997). Cannibalism of subordinates eggs in the monogynous queenless ant Dinoponera quadriceps. Naturwissenschaften, 84,499-502. 

Monnin T., Malosse C., and Peeters C. (1998). Solid-phase microextraction and cuticular hydrocarbon differences related to reproductive activity in the queenless ant Dinoponera quadriceps. J. Chem. Ecol., 24,473 190. 

When only single compounds on the cuticle relate to differences in fertility, the same differences can be found in eggs. In Dinoponera quadriceps the concentration of (Z)9-C31 1 present on the cuticle of the egg-layers is represented at equal proportions in the profile of their eggs (Monnin and Peeters, 1997). A similarly close match of hydrocarbon profiles of the cuticle and the eggs is present in queens and workers of the ant Pachycondyla inversa (D Ettorre et al., 2004b). 

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