Anaerobic-aerobic processes

Ronen Z, A Abeliovich (2000) Anaerobic-aerobic process for microbial degradation of tetrabromobisphenol-A. Appl Environ Microbiol 66 2372-2377. 

Luangdilok W, Paswad T (2000) Effect of chemical structures of reactive dyes on color removal by an anaerobic-aerobic process. Water Sci Technol 42(34) 377-382... 

Jiangrong Z, Yanru Y, Huren A et al (1994) A study of dye wastewater treatment using anaerobic-aerobic process. Proceedings of the seventh international symposium on anaerobic digestion, Cape Town, South Africa, pp 360-263... 

Basibuyuk M, Forster CF (1997) The use of sequential anaerobic-aerobic processes for the biotreatment of a simulated dyeing wastewater. Environ Technol 18 843-848... 

Rieger and Knackmuss [419] and Lenke et al. [420] tested and evaluated an anaerobic/aerobic bioremediation process in a technical scale volume of up to 18 m3 of contaminated soil. They also recommended the use of such anaerobic/aerobic processes for contaminated sites with various levels of TNT. 

Anaerobic bioreactors have been used since the 1880s to treat wastewaters with large amounts of suspended solids. However, anaerobic reactors are sensitive to toxic pollutants and vulnerable to process upsets, and have been used mainly for municipal sludge digestion. For methane production the sequential metabolism of the anaerobic consortia must be balanced, and the methanogens in particular are vulnerable to process upsets. Recently, anaerobic-aerobic processes (Figure 1.1) have been developed for the mineralization of xenobiotics. These processes take advantage of an anaerobic reactor for the initial reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated compounds or the reduction of nitro substituents to amino substituents. If the reduced compounds are more readily mineralized in an aerobic reactor, an anaerobic-aerobic process is feasible. 

Figure 1.1. Anaerobic—aerobic process for wastewater treatment.

Anaerobic-aerobic processes have a high potential for the treatment of pulp mill wastewater containing xenobiotic compounds. The pulp and paper industry is under great pressure to remove chlorophenols, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, and chlorinated dioxins and furans from wastewater. The Canadian government requires that pulp mill effluent contain no measurable level of dioxins or furans (Murray Richardson, 1993)- Such regulations require novel wastewater treatment technologies for the complete removal of target compounds. 

Armenante, P. M., Kafkewitz, D., Lewandowski, G. Kung, C-M. (1992). Integrated anaerobic-aerobic process for the biodegradation of chlorinated aromatic compounds. Environmental Progress, 11, 113—22. 

Dickel, O., Haug, W. Knackmuss, H-J. (1993). Biodegradation of nitrobenzene by a sequential anaerobic-aerobic process. Biodegradation, 4, 187-94. 

Malaspina, F., Stante, L., Cellamare, C. M., and Tilche, A. (1995). Cheese whey and cheese factory wastewater treatment with a biological anaerobic-aerobic process. Water Sci. 

Figure 11. Mineralization of nitrobenzene by an anaerobic-aerobic process (6).

Lenke, H., B. Wagener, G. Daun, and H.-J. Knackmuss. 1994. TNT-contaminated soil a sequential anaerobic/aerobic process for bioremediation, abstr. Q-383, p. 456. Abstr. 94th Annu. Meet. Am. Soc. Microbiol. 1994. 

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