Pulmonary disorders

During machining operations, eye protection is recommended during grinding operations, NIOSH-approved respirators for metal fumes and dust are recommended (177). Fine powder of Co is known to cause dermatitis and pulmonary disorders in humans. Most manufacturers supply safety information with their products (178). These should be followed strictly for the welfare of the personnel on the shop floor. 

The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is recommended for use in all adults 65 years of age or older and adults less than 65 years who have medical comorbidities that increase the risk for serious complications from S. pneumoniae infection, such as chronic pulmonary disorders, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic liver disease, chronic renal failure, functional or anatomic asplenia, and immunosuppressive disorders. Alaskan natives and certain Native American populations are also at increased risk. Children over the age of 2 years may be vaccinated with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine if they are at increased risk for invasive S. pneumoniae infections, such as children with sickle cell anemia or those receiving cochlear implants. 

B. Ross, L. Ramsey, and J. Shepherd, Delivery of aerosol therapy in the management of pulmonary disorders, Hosp. Pharm. Rep., 14(9 suppl), 3 (2000). 

Patients with chronic pulmonary disorders may exhibit lethargy, confusion, memory loss and stupor. The combined insults of hypoxia and hypercapnia, which result in C02 retention, contribute to the encephalopathy but neurological symptoms correlate best with the degree of C02 retention. Acute moderate hypercapnia associated with 5-10% C02 in the expired air, leads to arousal and excitability whereas higher C02 concentrations, >35% in the expired air, are anesthetic. 

Aging (skin and other tissues), myocardial infarct or stroke, inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, pulmonary disorders (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases), radiation injury, organ transplant rejection, psoriasis, hypertension, AIDS, multiple types of cancer, neuro-degenerative diseases (Parkinson s), diabetes, muscular dystrophy... 

The effect of administration of bromhexine to patients suffering from excessive production of viscous sputum (due to a variety of pulmonary disorders) has now been, studied and reported [354]. It is assumed by the authors that the observed effects were directly due to bromhexine though the possibility of activity via a metabolite seems worthy of study. During the study the viscosity of sputum and its fibrous structure were noted. Within five days of commencement of oral administration of bromhexine the fibrous structure was seen to be... 

Pulmonary disorders Dyspnea, pulmonary infiltrates, pneumonia, bronchiolitis obliterans, interstitial pneumonitis, and sarcoidosis, some resulting in respiratory failure and/or patient deaths, may be induced or aggravated by peginterferon alfa-2b or alpha-interferon therapy. 

Alkaloids such as vinblastine and vincristine are known to bind to the microtubules of the spindle apparatus. They are active agents that influence DNA synthesis and amino acid metabolism. They are also known to reduce mitosis at metaphase. Vinblastine and vincristine also have some immunosuppressive activity. There are many applications of these alkaloids. They have been used in the treatment of Hodgkin s disease, cancers and blood disorders. Vincristine is a basis for the development of clinic agents used to treat cerebral and pulmonary disorders. Vinblastine and vincristine are well-known anficancer agents. 

Philippines. Hot water extract of the dried root is taken orally by pregnant women to minimize the pain of early labor . Rodrigues Islands. Decoction of the rhizome juice, mixed with Citrus aurantifolia, is taken orally for pulmonary disorders. The juice, mixed with lemon juice, honey, and hot water extract of Cymbopogon citratus, is taken orally for colds . 

Serious, acute hypersensitivity reactions, such as urticaria, angioedema, broncho-constriction, and anaphylaxis, may occur. Other rare reactions include pancreatitis, colitis, endocrine disorders (e.g., diabetes mellitus), hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, ophthalmologic, neuropsychiatric, autoimmune, ischemic, infectious, and pulmonary disorders. 

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) Inhalation (Diskus) 1 inhalation ql2h. 

Recommended dosage and monitoring requirements PEG-Intron is administered once weekly for 1 year. The dose should be administered on the same day of each week. Initial dosing should be based on body weight. Serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) should be assessed after 24 weeks of treatment. Discontinuation of treatment should be considered in patients who have not achieved HCV RNA below the limit of detection after 24 weeks of therapy. Patients should be monitored for neuropsychiatric events, bone marrow toxicity, endocrine disorders, cardiovascular events, colitis, pancreatitis, autoimmune disorders, pulmonary disorders, and hypersensitivity. 

Anxiety is characterized by fear and apprehension that may or may not be associated with a cieariy identifiabie stimuius. Anxiety is a common reaction to significant life stress, is seen in conjunction with almost every psychiatric disorder, and is a common component of numerous organic disorders as well (e.g., hyperthyroidism, hypoglycemia, pheochromocytoma, complex partial seizures, pulmonary disorders, acute myocardial infarction, caffeine intoxication, various substances of abuse). Anxiety is almost invariably accompanied by physical symptoms such as the following ... 

Aristolochia contorta Bunge. A. kaempferi Willd. A. longa Thunb. A. recurvilabra Hance Ma Dou Ling (stem) Aristolochic acid A, aristolochic acid D, aristoloside, magnoflorine, oleanolic acid, beta-sitosterol, hederagenin.48 This herb is toxic. Treat pulmonary disorders, antitussive, an expectorant in asthma and bronchitis. 

Typhonium divaricatum (L.) Decaisne Li Tou Cao (leaf, tuber)50-144 This herb is toxic. Overdose causes numbness or nausea. An expectorant, rubefacient, used for cough and pulmonary disorders. 

Wahlenbergia marginata (Thunb.) A. DC Xi Ye Sha Seng (root) Alkaloids.55 Treat pulmonary disorder, skin eruption, stop sweating. 

Comfrey has been used to treat respiratory problems (bronchitis, catarrh hemoptysis, pleurisy, whooping cough), gastrointestinal diseases (cholecystitis, colitis, dysentery, diarrhea, ulcers, hematemesis), metorrhagia, phlebitis, and tonsillitis. It is currently promoted for preventing kidney stones and for treating rheumatic and pulmonary disorders, and injuries such as bums and bruises. 

In combination with other remedies it is made up into cough medicines, and can be of service in pulmonary disorders generally. Skillfully compounded, slight alterative and tonic qualities are noticed. Wineglass doses are taken of a 1 ounce to 1 pint (reduced) decoction. 

A defect or absence in any one of the proteins within the axoneme (e.g. dynein, nexin, etc.) results in cilia that are immotile, so called immotile-cilia syndrome. Patients suffering from this disease have chronic pulmonary disorders due to the cilia in the respiratory tract being unable to sweep out bacteria and other foreign particles. In addition, males with this genetic defect are infertile because their sperm are unable to move due to flagella inactivity. 

Bronchial obstruction as seen in a variety of pulmonary disorders will be associated with greater local airflows and turbulence and this will result in localized deposition in the larger airways of the TB region. The bronchoconstriction of asthma has a greater influence on exhalation than inhalation and thus deposition by sedimentation may be greater than normal. 

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