Protein imaging

R. Hoffman, Green fluorescent protein imaging of tumour growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis in mouse models. Lancet Oncol. 3 (2002) 546-556. 

Crystal structure of a protein molecule can also be determined by x-ray crystallography. Purified protein is crystallized either by batch methods or vapor diffusion. X-rays are directed at a crystal of protein. The rays are scattered depending on the electron densities in different positions of a protein. Images are translated onto electron density maps and then analyzed computationally to construct a model of the protein. It is especially important for structure-based drug designs. 

Yada, R.Y., Harauz, G., Marcone, M.F., Beniac, D.R., and Ottensmeyer, F.P. 1995. Visions in the mist The Zeitgeist of food protein imaging by electron microscopy. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 6, 265-270. 

Fig. 1. Purified proteins imaged using (A) Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer and (B) traditional sodium dodecyl sulfide-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. (A) Note that the lowest two bands and the uppermost band are internal standards for sizing and quantitation. (B) 3-15% polyacrylamide gel stained with GelCode Blue. In both panels, the predicted size of the protein is labeled at the top of each lane.

Thiery G, Shchepinov M, Southern E, Audebourg A, Audard V, Terries B, Gut I (2007) Multiplex target protein imaging in tissue sections by mass spectrometry - TAMSIM. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 21 823-829. doi 10.1002/rcm.2895... 

SLF2.22 Fraction of above-threshold pixels in the protein image that overlap with the... 

The acquisition of the mass spectra for peptide and protein imaging is done in our lab on commercial MALDI TOF instruments (Voyager sSTR, 4700 Proteomics Analyzer Applied Biosystems, Framingham, MA) equipped with a Nd YAG laser. The acquisition of the data is controlled by an in-house designed software (MALDI MS Imaging Tool, MMSIT). The area to be scanned is specified as a pattern of points, equidistant from each other. The distance is chosen referring to the diameter of the... 

Imaging Techniques Overview of Applications in Chemical Biology Imaging Techniques for Proteins Imaging Techniques Small Molecules Single Molecule Techniques Proteins... 

Key Words [ -, a, -, and a2-Adrenergic receptors confocal microscopy fluorescent ligands green fluorescent protein image analysis. 

The twentieth century did not see the fuller culmination of these technologies, however. The completion of the first draft of the Human Genome was announced on June 26,2000, from Washington. At the close of the twentieth century there was very much an awareness of the formidable amount of DNA, protein, image and other data still to be processed. The noted bioinformati-cian Temple Smith of Boston University (and of the Smith-Waterman bioinformatics tool mentioned above) described the case of late-twentieth-century bioinformaticians as children playing with delight with pebbles on the beach, unaware of the coming Tsunami. ... 

The arrangement of atoms that are close to each other in the polypeptide chain is called the secondary structure of the protein. Images of two such arrangements, an a-helix and a 3-sheet, are shown in Figures 17.24 and 17.25. 

Protein Imaging application " Tc-binding unit References... 

Figure 1. Schematic representation of G3-PE013k4accase complex - the ey regions are the glycan residues that serve to anchor the dendritic blocks Protein image obtained from AstexViewer MSD-EBI Database (8)...

Hall, S. Protein Images Update Natural History. Science 267, 620-624 (1995). [Combining X-ray crystallography and computer software to produce images of protein structure.]... 

Hoffman, R.M. (2002). Green fluorescent protein imaging of tumor cells in mice. Lab. Anim. (N.Y.) 31, 34-11. 

Top-down analysis of large proteins Imaging technique of tissues Petroleomics, humates, fulvates Surface analysis... 

Because MALDI is a desorption technique, it is suited for the analysis of surfaces such as tissue slices such as brain or liver (Caprioli et al., 1997). In this application, the matrix is, generally, sprayed on the complete surface of the tissue. The laser resolution is about 50—100 p,m and complete analyte distribution (low-molecular-weight compounds, peptides, proteins) images can be recorded (Reyzer et al., 2003 Rohner et al., 2005). The technique is attractive to monitor the distribution of pharmaceutical compounds or their metabolites in tissues (Hopfgartner et al., 2009 Signor et al., 2007)... 

Sample Preparation Procedure for Protein Imaging In traditional MS research, analyte molecules are basically extracted and separated from crude biological samples by gas chromatography (GC) or high... 

Application of Protein Imaging to Disease Model Mice One of the advantages of traditional MS, including both MALDI- and ESI-MS, is that they can distinguish even slight structural variations of analyte molecules by their masses. Due to this unique advantage, MS has frequently been applied to the identification/ characterization of posttranslational modifications in modern proteome researches [12]. In this context, IMS also enables the distinct detection of the protein molecular species as well as the visualization of the distribution of these species on the tissue sections. As an excellent example, in the Stoeckli et al. study, amyloid... 

Figure 5 Structures of closely and distantly related proteins. Protein images created with UCSF Chimera. ...

Borrmann A, Milles S, Plass T (2012) Genetic encoding of a Bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne-charged amino acid enables fast cellular protein imaging by metal-free ligation. ChemBioChem 13 2094—2099... 

---