Limitation of damage

Bryan, J.L. 1986. Defining Damageability - The Examination, Review, and Analysis of the Variables and Limits of Damageability for Buildings, Contents, and Personnel from Exposure in Eire Incidents. Symposium on Quantitative Fire Hazards Analysis. Society of Fire Protection Engineers, Boston, MA. 

As in the case of flammable liquid fires and explosions, the control of dust explosions is based upon prevention of ignition and secondarily limitation of damage in the event ignition does occur... 

Grade Minimum test weight per bushel (lb) Moisture (%) Maximum limits of Damaged kernels Total (%) Heat-damaged kernels (%) Broken kernels, foreign material, other grains (%)... 

From this point of view, it is desirable to maintain high discharge current density within the limit of damage or degradation of the film. The increase in discharge current density also decreases the number of residual ions between the two electrodes. 

Limits of damageability expressed Operation limit W CHkg... 

The limit of damage at a point was controlled by the values of the so-called crushing or total damage function Fu- The modified Kupfer s condition (Kupfer.H. et al. 1969) for Ith - layer of section is following... 

The usefulness of an alarm system sounding, for the protection of property and the limiting of damage and loss, depends on the provision of appropriate fire-fighting equipment, not least if the Fire Brigade is unlikely to attend within 10 minutes. 

Frames are inherently flexible and the size of their members is often governed by the interstory drift limits under a moderate earthquake for which limitation of damage to stmctural and nonstmctural elements is sought. 

Cumulative Damage. Pressure vessels may be subjected to a variety of stress cycles during service some of these cycles have ampHtudes below the fatigue (endurance) limit of the material and some have ampHtudes various amounts above it. The simplest and most commonly used method for evaluating the cumulative effect of these various cycles is a linear damage relationship in which it is assumed that, if cycles would produce failure at a... 

Because of the high vapor pressure of the simple quinones and their penetrating odor, adequate ventilation must be provided in areas where these quinones are handled or stored. Quinone vapor can harm the eyes, and a limit of 0.1 ppm of 1,4-benzoquinone in air has been recommended. Quinone in either sohd or solution form can cause severe local damage to the skin and mucous membranes. Swallowing benzoquinones may be fatal the LD q in rat is 130 mg/kg orally and 0.25 mg/kg intravenously. There is insufficient data concerning quinones and cancer. The higher quinones are less of a problem because of their decreased volatihty (118—120). 

Boottop and Freeboard Areas. The boottop is that part of the hull that is immersed when the ship is loaded and exposed when the ship is empty. The freeboard is the area from the upper limit of the boottop to the main deck. The boottop suffers mechanical damage from tugs, piers, and ice. 

Suction Limitations of a Pump Whenever the pressure in a liquid drops below the vapor pressure corresponding to its temperature, the liquid will vaporize. When this happens within an operating pump, the vapor bubbles will be carried along to a point of higher pressure, where they suddenly collapse. This phenomenon is known as cavitation. Cavitation in a pump should be avoided, as it is accompanied by metal removal, vibration, reduced flow, loss in efficiency, and noise. When the absolute suction pressure is low, cavitation may occur in the pump inlet and damage result in the pump suction and on the impeller vanes near the inlet edges. To avoid this phenomenon, it is necessary to maintain a required net positive suction head (NPSH)r, which is the equivalent total head of liquid at the pump centerline less the vapor pressure p. Each pump manufacturer publishes curves relating (NPSH)r to capacity and speed for each pump. 

Damage Limiting Construction Construction of equipment (building) with weak sections to limit the damage to the equipment (building). The weak sections fail early and prevent damage to the rest of the equipment (building). 

B) Comprehensive General Liahility Insurance (including contractual lia-hility, products, and completed operations) with a hodily injury, death, and property damage combined single limit of (X) per occurrence and... 

Type 2 On the other hand. Type 2 degree of protection limits the extent of damage in the case of a short-circuit. Now under short-circuit conditions, the contactor or the starter will present no risk to the operator or the installation and will remain suitable for further service. In other words, no damage to the contactor or the OCR is permitted. It may, however, be interpreted that contact welding may be permissible to the extent that the contactor can be put to service once again after a brief period by separating the contacts with the help... 

In such eases, the overvoltage protection may still be set for 10% and even less, to contain the fault. It is a recommended practice to provide OV protection on the failure of only one half of a unit, to limit the damage to a very low extent. 

The design of shaft seals must strive to reduee wear of these eritieal eomponents. An overhung turbine design should use a stiff shaft that operates below its first shaft eritieal speed. This will greatly limit the extent of damage in the event of aeeidental or... 

Local repair of delamination originally caused by non-durable surface treatment is only temporarily successful at best. The surface treatment on the unrepaired portion of the assembly remains susceptible to attack and the area of delamination will likely continue to grow once the assembly is put back into service and exposed to moist conditions. Replacement or complete remanufacture of the component is the only way to permanently address this type of damage. However, time-limited repairs using bonded or mechanical methods can be used to extend the life of the component until a major overhaul is scheduled. In some cases such as widespread disbond of fuselage doublers, mechanical repairs (rivets and fastened doublers) and continued inspection are used to extend the life of the skin indefinitely because of the high cost of replacement. 

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