Inflammability = ignitibility

Aqueous solutions do not usually ignite even though the solute is highly inflammable, e.g., an aqueous solution of ethanol containing less than 50% of the latter. When aqueous solutions of solid substances are heated on a crucible lid, they usually "spit" vigorously immediately before solidification. 

Carbon disulphide. When working with this solvent, its toxicity (it is a blood and nerve poison) and particularly its high inflammability should be home in mind. Distillation of appreciable quantities of carbon disulphide should be carried out in a water bath at 55-65° it has been known to ignite from being overheated on a steam bath. 

Evidence of the organic nature of the substance may, be provided by the behaviour of the compound when heated on porcelain or platinum or other comparatively inert metal (e.g., nickel) the substance is inflammable, burns with a more or less smoky flame, chars and leaves a black residue consisting largely of carbon (compare Ignition Test above). 

Although neither inflammable nor self-igniting, sodium peroxide is highly inflammable when mixed with oxidi2able substances. Such mixtures bum violendy, even ia the absence of air. Tme sodium peroxocarbonates can be formed under the influence of atmospheric moisture and carbon dioxide. At temperatures >50° C and when exposed to pressure or friction, these peroxocarbonates can decompose and generate flame. 

Insulation provides other functions in addition to energy conservation. A key role for insulation is safety. It protects personnel from bums and minimizes hot surfaces that could ignite inflammables. It also protects equipment, piping, and contents in event of fire. Thus materials such as mineral wool are sometimes used despite relatively poor thermal quaUties. 

Based on the ignition temperature of these inflammable substances. Table 7.4 shows the groups of substances requiring specially constructed motors. 

The temperature must be raised slowly to avoid formation of spontaneously inflammable hydrides of phosphorus whict will ignite and destroy the preparation. A similar result occur if the phosphorus tribromide is added at 170°. 

Entflammprufung, /. ignition test flash test. Entflammung,/. inflammation flash. Entflammungs-probet /. flash test, -punkt, m. flashing point, flash point, -temperatur, /. kindhng temperature (of kerosene, etc.), flash point. 

Entzug, m. = Entziehung. entzundbaTt a. flammable, inflammable. Entzundbarkeit,/. (in)flammability. entzunden, v.t. ignite, kindle, inflame. — v.t. take Are, ignite. 

I are decompd by the elec spark and produce ignitable gases, the gas ignites, and then the gas flame ignites the solid propint. Consequently, crit time and spark are required for I to produce inflammable gas which follows burning of the propint... 

A waterside expansive force that can be caused by a sudden drop in steam pressure without a corresponding decrease in temperature (especially in a FT boiler). Or a furnace expansive force due to the ignition of highly inflammable gas, vapor or dust. Minor furnace explosions are called puffs, flarebacks, or blowbacks. 

Flashpoints (the reason for the plurality is explained in paragraph 1.3) have the advantage of being linked to the boiling point, the pressure and the lower explosive limit. This is the reason why flashpoints are such important parameters in the evaluation of the inflammability risk of a liquid or a solid. The measurement of flashpoints implies the existence of an ignition flame for the gaseous mixture. Nevertheless, contact of a suitable substance-air mixture with a hot surface can be sufficient to start the combustion of the mixture. The autoignition temperature is the parameter that determines the possibility that an inflammable material will combust in contact with a hot substance without the presence of a flame. 

LEL is the most important of the two limits. It is mostly useful when inflammable substances are handled in confined spaces (reservoirs, painting cabins, ovens etc). Detaiis of limits of inflammability are kept by chemical substance manufacturers who are required to mention them on safety sheets that have to be put at clients disposal. When compared with the equilibrium concentration determined as indicated before, LEL aiiows determination of whether a working environment presents a risk of explosion in the presence of a source of ignition. 

Flashpoint is the temperature at which an inflammable liquid builds enough vapour so that this, together with air, forms an inflammable mixture in the presence of an igniting flame.The inflammation has to be very brief when this parameter is measured. If the combustion lasts for longer than five seconds, this temperature is defined as fire point. Fire point is never used because it is really difficult to obtain an accurate value. Flashpoint is the most important parameter in fire hazard. It plays an essential role in the determination of risk criteria related to the inflammability of a substance. 

Hydrazine is an unstable substance because of its positive enthalpy of formation. It decomposes when heated. The decomposition can cause an inflammation even in the absence of air. It can also combust spontaneously in the presence of various materials from clothes to soil (see tables in Part Three the self-ignition temperatures vary according to the materials in contact with hydrazine). Also, violent decomposition of hydrazine in a steel reactor occurs when in a carbon dioxide atmosphere. 

So the handling of hydrocarbons presents serious fire hazards. There are many accidents linked to this in the industrial sector. For instance, a serious accident happened when polyethylene was stored. It appeared to be caused by the diffusion of monomer through the mass of polymer, which created an inflammable atmosphere in the storage container. Incorporating a mixture of oxygen and styrene in a reactor cause spontaneous ignition. 

Flammable - In a general sense refers to any material that is easily ignited and burns rapidly. It is synonymous with the term inflammable that is generally considered obsolete due -to its prefix -which -may -be incorrectly misunderstood as not flammable (e g., incomplete is not complete). 

Phosphine is an offensive smelling, poisonous gas which in the pure state is not spontaneously inflammable However, its temperature of ignition is very low thus, if a stream of phosphine is allowed to impinge in air on a glass vessel containing boiling water, it will immediately burst into flame, burning with considerable luminosity, in accordance with the equation —... 

This reaction is highly exothermic (119 kj mol" ) and produces oxygen molecules which act as an oxidizer. Though the ignition of AN is difficult due to the initial endothermic reaction, AN becomes highly inflammable in the high pressure region and also becomes detonable when heated beyond 550 K. Furthermore, the inflammable characteristics of AN are dependent on impurities or additives. 

Severe irritation and corneal opacity of the eyes of test animals occurred from exposure to the vapor the liquid on the skin of animals caused acute inflammation, with the formation of blisters, redness, and swelling. Because the liquid may ignite spontaneously, fire and consequent burn damage may be a greater hazard than toxicity on contact with the liquid. ... 

The exponential dependence of the evolution of heat upon temp, besides rendering eq (1) nonlinear and hence difficult to solve, accounts for the existence of concepts such as ignition, ignition temp, induction period, limits of inflammability and, indeed, of the concept of "explosion itself, which. can be defined no more rigorously than by the requirement that the reaction rate become sufficiently high. This fundamental point is implied in every theoretical treatment of thermal expln, but it has been brought out explicitly in Russian scientific literature (Refs 5, 6, 9, 11 14). 

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