Prosthetic implants

Resilin has a remarkably high fatigue lifetime (probably >500 million cycles) and our aim is to reproduce this desirable mechanical property in synthetic materials derived from our studies of resilin structure and function. We believe that recombinant resilin-like materials may be used, in the future, in the medical device field as components of prosthetic implants, including spinal disks and synthetic arteries. Spinal disks, for example, must survive for at least 100 million cycles of contraction and relaxation [30]. 

Salmonella), and individuals with prosthetic implants (coagulase-negative staphylococci).3... 

R. E. Baier, Surface Properties of Materials for Prosthetic Implants, Calspan Corporation, CAL Report VH-2801-p-2 (February 1970). 

Main uses of the metal. Applications of Ta in medicine (in prosthetic implants) are also well known because of its lack of toxicity and excellent compatibility with tissue. It is used for producing capacitors. Tantalum carbide is used in cutting tools. 

Titanium (Ti) Titanium is a grayish metal often used in the manufacture of prosthetic implants because of its light weight, low toxicity, and high strength. Titanium oxide is used in white pigments, especially in paints. 

Despite the sophistication of today s medical devices, the materials used often result in undesirable complications, including bacterial infections, blood clots, tissue trauma due to device insertion, and friction and wear of implants. This is especially true for such devices as catheters, guidewires, stents, probes, and prosthetic implants. 

Implant loosening invariably leads to clinical failure for a variety of reasons, which includes peri-prosthetic fracture of the implant or the bone adjacent to the implant. Numerous failure mechanisms limit the long-term success of endo-prosthetic implants including aseptic osteolysis, aseptic loosening, infection and implant instability (Holt et al., 2007). The key molecules of the host response at the protein level are chemokines, cytokines, nitric oxide metabolites and metallo-proteinases (Gallo et al., 2014). Aseptic osteolysis and subsequent implant failure occur because of a chronic inflammatory response to implant-derived wear particles. Despite many advances related to materials selection, and operation tool and techniques, aseptic osteolysis continues to limit implant longevity. 

Raman photoluminescence piezospectroscopy of bone, teeth and artificial joint materials has been reviewed by Pezzotti (2005) with emphasis placed on confocal microprobe techniques. Characteristic Raman spectra were presented and quantitative assessments of their phase structure and stress dependence shown. Vibrational spectroscopy was used to study the microscopic stress response of cortical bone to external stress (with or without internal damages), to define microscopic stresses across the dentine - enamel junction of teeth under increasing external compressive masticatory load and to characterise the interactions between prosthetic implants and biological environment. Confocal spectroscopy allows acquisition of spatially resolved spectra and stress imaging with high spatial resolution (Green etal., 2003 Pezzotti, 2005 Munisso etal., 2008). 

Amorphous calcium phosphate, ACP One time thought to be a major component of bone mineral (see text). Occurs in plasma-sprayed HAP coatings on prosthetic implants ... 

Elsewhere, we have reviewed many of the areas of current research In bioadhesive phenomena dental restoratives, prosthetic Implants, surgical adhesives, and even Improved coatings for the prevention of marine fouling on commercial ships (1. ... 

Heetderks, W.). RF powering of millimeter- and submillimeter-sized neural prosthetic implants. 

Our ability to replace damaged joints with prosthetic implants has brought relief to miUions of patients who would otherwise have been severely limited in their most basic activities and doomed to a life in pain. It is estimated that about 16 million people in the United States are affected by osteoarthritis, one of the various conditions that may cause joint degeneration and may lead a patient to a total joint replacement. 

Hydroxyapatite calcium phosphate cement with composition of Caio(P04)6(OH)2 exhibits excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibihty major mineral constituent of the bone also finds use as a filler to replace amputated bone and/or as a coating to promote bone ingrowth into prosthetic implants. 

PROJECT THROMBUS. SURFACE PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS FOR PROSTHETIC IMPLANTS. 

In the musculoskeletal system, bone is the primary tissue/organ interacting with prosthetic implants/biomaterials and their interface is a crucial region where the interactions pertinent to new tissue formation and implant efficacy occur. Bone is a complex biological system that comprises both hierarchical structures and living boneremodeling components. The architecture of bone is composed of nanoscale fibrous... 

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