Implantation failure

Ema M, Harazono A, Hirose A, Kamata E (2003) Protective effects of progesterone on implantation failure induced by dibutyitin dichloride in rats. Toxicology Letters, 143(2) 233-238. 

Rajendren G. and Dominic J. (1986). Effect of bilateral transection of the lateral olfactory tract on the male-induced implantation failure (Bruce effect) in mice. Physiol Behav 36, 587-590. 

Thomas, K.J. and Dominic, C.J. (1987) Evaluation of the role of the stud male in preventing male-induced implantation failure (the Bruce effect) in laboratory mice. Anim. Behav. 35, 1257-1259. 

Body fluids, contain a high concentration of Ions and can cause implant failure In the following two ways ... 

The most well characterized of the p38 kinases, the final MAPK phosphorelay pathway, is p38a, which is expressed by most cells and regulates the expression of many cytokines. Interleukin 1, IL-1, a product of inflammatory cells, has been implicated in modulating the response to mechanical loading in a number of tissues. IL-1 is a product of inflammatory cells thought to be involved in cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis and in bone resorption associated with total joint implant failure. 

Although the use of implants has been documented since the 1950s, little attention has been directed to how mechanical forces at the implant interface affect tissue metabolism and the fate of the implant. Some interest has been expressed concerning the use of balloons for tissue expansion, pressure-induced necrosis (cell death) of skin and fat cells, and bone resorption as a result of stress shielding by hip and knee implants. These effects may need closer examination in light of the recent findings that most tissues are normally stretched in tension and that any interruption of this tension adversely affects homeostasis via perturbations in normal mechanochemi-cal transduction and could lead to implant failure. 

Corica M, Borcese R, Savoldi E. Can the lithium therapy cause titanium implant failure J Dent Res 2001 80 1246. 

Implant loosening invariably leads to clinical failure for a variety of reasons, which includes peri-prosthetic fracture of the implant or the bone adjacent to the implant. Numerous failure mechanisms limit the long-term success of endo-prosthetic implants including aseptic osteolysis, aseptic loosening, infection and implant instability (Holt et al., 2007). The key molecules of the host response at the protein level are chemokines, cytokines, nitric oxide metabolites and metallo-proteinases (Gallo et al., 2014). Aseptic osteolysis and subsequent implant failure occur because of a chronic inflammatory response to implant-derived wear particles. Despite many advances related to materials selection, and operation tool and techniques, aseptic osteolysis continues to limit implant longevity. 

O Neill. C.. Ferrier, A, J., Sinosich, M. J., and Saunders. D. M. (1985). Causes of implantation failure after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Lancet 2, 615. 

Collagen molecules undergo self-assembly by lateral associations into fibrils and fibers and are able, therefore, along with other biological functions, to ensure the mechanical support of the connective tissue. Collagen also plays an important role in many bioadhesion processes. Collagen molecules bound to implant materials enhance adhesion of epidermal cells to the surfaces of biomaterials and prevent implant failure. 

Implant-assodated infection is one of the major reasons behind implant failure, amputation, or even death of patients. Statistics between 2005 and 2006 in the United States reveal that 14.8% of revised total hip arthroplasties were due to infection [3]. 

Beyond the traditional biocompatibility concerns, which include the effects of leaching and absorption, the greatest obstacle to the use of polymers in the role of articulating surfaces has been wear. The cyclic motion of an opposing implant component or bone against the polymer may produce substantial amounts of wear debris that can then precipitate bpne loss and implant failure. 

Kay C, Jeyendran RS, Coulam CB. 2006. p53 tumour suppressor gene polymorphism is associated with recurrent implantation failure. Reprod Biomed Online 13(4) 492-496. 

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