Prospective assessment

In DLB, fluctuations in both the level of consciousness and in the content of consciousness (hallucinations and delusions) develop. These alterations, together with much of the ensuing cognitive impairment, fluctuate to such an extent that patients can transiently return to being symptom-free in the course of the disease. This temporal pattern implicates functional as opposed to structural neuropathological abnormalities in symptom aetiology. Several neurotransmitter correlates have been identified in autopsy tissue from retrospectively, and more recently, prospectively assessed patients. 

Reimherr, F.W., Amsterdam, J.D., Quitkin, F.M., et al. Optimal length of continuation therapy in depression a prospective assessment during long-term fluoxetine treatment. Am. J. Psychiatry 155, 1247-1253, 1998. 

The clinical impact of dose-modification based on a genetic test needs to be prospectively assessed both in terms of toxicity and efficacy retrospective association analyses cannot by definition provide either an optimally safe or optimally efficacious dose in test-positive individuals. 

Barkai L, Vamosi I, Lukacs K. Prospective assessment of severe hypoglycaemia in diabetic children and adolescents with impaired and normal awareness of hypoglycaemia. Diabetologia 1998 41(8) 898-903. 

MeythalerJM, Guin-Renfroe S, Johnson A Brunner RM. Prospective assessment of tizanidine for spasticity due to acquired brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001 82 1155-1163. 

Can cutoff values be used as an answer to the assessment (i.e., point estimates), especially in prospective assessments An example is the HC5, the hazardous concentration for 5% of the species, where the cutoff level for the proportion of species that is potentially affected is maximized at 5%. 

Component-based approaches are used as prognosis instruments, to predict the effects of chemical mixtures, or to unravel interactions between mixture components. They are restricted to mixtures with a defined chemical composition. As component-based approaches allow predicting the toxicity of mixtures that are not yet found in the environment, they are the fundamental option for prospective assessments, such as the setting of environmental quality standards. 

The effect of maternal cocaine use on infant outcome has been prospectively assessed in 224 women, of whom... 

There have been two studies of the neurodevelopmen-tal effects of cocaine during the first 48 hours of life. In the first, 23 cocaine-exposed and 29 non-exposed infants were prospectively assessed within the first 48 hours of life infant meconium was used to detect cocaine and the BNBA Scale was used for clinical assessment (278). One-third of the cocaine-exposed neonates were bom to women who denied cocaine use. In six of the seven clusters assessed, cocaine-exposed infants fared badly compared with control infants. The cocaine-exposed infants had poor autonomic stability and there was a dose-response relation between meconium cocaine concentration and poor performance in relation to orientation and so-called regulation of state, which refers to how the infant responds when aroused. The authors concluded that cocaine exposure is independently related to poor behavioral performance in areas that are central to optimal infant development. They emphasized the value of the identification and quantification of cocaine in infants. 

In another blinded study, neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral performance were prospectively assessed in 131 neonates (mean age 43 hours) exposed in utero to cocaine, with or without other dmgs (279). Cocaine-exposed neonates were developmentally at risk in the tests compared with infants exposed to other drugs alone or in combination. As in the previous study, larger amounts of cocaine were associated with higher neurobehavioral risk scores. 

Takaya N, Yuan C, Chu B et al. (2006). Association between carotid plaque characteristics and subsequent ischemic cerebrovascular events a prospective assessment with MRI-initial results. Stroke 37 818-823... 

Organizations should ensure that they are aware of exactly which activities they capture electronically within their marketing and supply applications would fall within the scope of any relevant ERES regulations. Records transmitted by electronic means such as fax, or word-processed documents that are subsequently printed, authorized, and maintained as paper records, may not always fall within this category. Mechanisms should be put in place for prospectively assessing the ERES capability of any new applications that they are intending to commission for their use. 

Takano, S., Omata, M., Ohto, M., Satomura, Y. Prospective assessment of incidence of fulminant hepatitis in post-transfusion hepatitis a study of 504 cases. Dig. Dis. Sci. 1994 39 28-32... 

Saliba F, Hagipantelli R, Misset JL, Bastian G, Vassal G, Bonnay M, Herait P, Cote C, Mahjoubi M, Mignard D, Cvitkovic E. Pathophysiology and therapy of irinotecan-induced delayed-onset diarrhea in patients with advanced colorectal cancer a prospective assessment. J Clin Oncol 1998 16(8) 2745-51. 

Geier DA, Geier MR. A prospective assessment of porphyrins in autistic disorders A potential marker for heavy metal exposure. Neurotox Res 2006 10(l) 57-64. 

Pauh RM> Horton VK, Glinski LP, Reiser CA. Prospective assessment of risks for cervicomedullary-j unction compression in infants with achondroplasia. Am J Hum Genet 1995 56 732-44. 

Mastroiacovo P, Mazzone T, Botto L, et al. Prospective assessment of pregnancy outcomes after first-trimester exposure to fluconazole. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996 175 1645-1650. 

Prospective assessments that use success measures such as extent of diffusion or commercialization avoid the problem of determining net social benefits for alternative courses of action, but this, of course, omits the explicit valuation of the outcomes of those alternatives. Such studies are much less useful as policy assessments because they do not present findings that enable one to determine whether the government is justified (from a full social benefits perspective) in undertaking a particular action. Further, they are more difficult to replicate and, therefore, may be less credible to some audiences. For other audiences, this may be an asset the use of historical data and analysis by analogy can lend credence because of the close tie to actual experience. 

Duray GZ, Israel CW, Pajitnev D, Hohnloser SH. Upgrading to biventricular pacing/defibrillation systems in right ventricular paced congestive heart failure patients prospective assessment of procedural parameters and response rate. Europace 2008 10 48-52. 

Salama SE, Rotstein C. Prospective assessment of nephrotoxicity with concomitant aminoglycoside and vancomycin therapy. Can J Hosp Pharm 1993 46 53-59. 

Hutton M (1982) Cadmium in the European Community a prospective assessment of sources, human exposure and environmental impact. Monitoring and Assessment Research Centre, Chelsea College, University of London, London, UK MARC Report No. 26. 

Results of a Comprehensive Prospective Assessment of Iodine Status in Leipzig... 

Ko JM, Nicholas MJ, Mendel JB, et al (2006) Prospective assessment of computer-aided detection in interpretation of screening mammography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 187 1483-1491... 

Dumont E, Camus C, Victor F et al (2003) Suspected pacemaker or defibrillator transvenous lead infection. Prospective assessment of a TEE-guided therapeutic strategy. Eur Heart J 24 1779-1787... 

Michel, R, Quenon, J.L., Djihoud, A. et al. (2007) French national survey of inpatient adverse events prospectively assessed with ward staff. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 16(5), 369-377. 

Adherence of patients to treatment with deferasirox has been prospectively assessed in 21 patients with sickle cell disease, using pill counts, calendars, and questionnaires [10 ]. According to the questionnaires, 71% of patients seemed to be adherent, but according to pill counts only 43% were. Adherence was poorer in adolescents aged... 

Korsten MA, Spungen AM, Rosman AR, Ancha HR, Post JB, Shaw S, Hunt KK, Williams R 3rd, Bauman WA. A prospective assessment of renal impairment after preparation for colonoscopy oral sodium phosphate appears to be safe in well-hydrated subjects with normal renal status. Dig Dis Sci 2010 55 2021-9. 

Geiger MJ, Mehta C, Turner JR et al (2015) Clinical development approaches and statistical methodologies to prospectively assess the cardiovascular risk of new antidiabetic therapies for type... 

Gluecker T, Johnson D, Harmsen W et al. (2003) Colorectal cancer screening with CT colonography, colonoscopy, and double contrast barium enema examination prospective assessment of patient perceptions and preferences. Radiology 227 378-384... 

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