Colorectal cancer screening

Shia J. Immunohistochemistry versus microsatellite instability testing for screening colorectal cancer patients at risk for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome. Part 1. The utility of immunohistochemistry. J Mol Diagn. 2008 10 293-300. 

Effective colorectal cancer screening programs incorporate annual fecal occult blood testing in combination with regular examination of the entire colon starting at age 50 for average-risk individuals and should be recommended by all health care providers. 

Signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer can be extremely varied, subtle, and nonspecific. Patients with early-stage colorectal cancer are often asymptomatic, and lesions are usually detected by screening procedures. 

Baseline laboratory tests should include complete blood cell count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, liver and renal function tests, and serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Serum CEA can serve as a marker for monitoring colorectal cancer response to treatment, but it is too insensitive and nonspecific to be used as a screening test for early-stage colorectal cancer. 

Bialkowska A.B. Crisp M. Bannister T. He Y. Chowdhury S. Schurer S. Chase P. Spicer T. Madoux F. Tian C. Hodder P. Zaharevitz D. Yang, V.W. Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of the colorectal cancer oncogene Kriippel-like factor 5 expression by ultrahigh-throughput screening. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 2011, 10, 2043-2051. 

Irinotecan refractory EGFR-positive metastatic colorectal cancer 576 screened... 

Raedle, J., Brieger, A., Trojan, J., Hardt, T., Herrmann, G., and Zeuzem, S. 1999. Evaluation of rapid microsatellite analysis of paraffin embedded specimens in screening for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. Mod. Pathol. 72 485-491. 

Seeff LC, RichardsTB, Shapiro J/, Nadel MR,Manninen DL, Given LS, Dong FB,Winges LD, McKenna MT. How many endoscopies are performed for colorectal cancer screening Results from the CDCs survey of endoscopic capacity. Gastroenterol 2004 127 1670-7. 

Frazier AL, Colditz GA, Fuchs CS, Kuntz KM. Cost-effectiveness of screening for colorectal cancer in the general population. JAMA. 2000 284 1954-61. 

Aaltonen LA, Salovaara R, Kristo P, Caiizian F, Hemminki A, Peltomald P, et al. Incidence of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and the feasibility of molecular screening for the disease. N Engl J Med 1998 338 1481-7. 

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN colorectal cancer screening practice guidelines. Oncology 1999 13 152-79. 

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