Propylene-co-ethylene copolymers

Ferrara, G., Bertoldo, M., Scoponi, M., and Ciardelli, F. Diffusion coefficient and activation energy of Irganox 1010 in poly (propylene-co-ethylene) copolymers. Polymer Degradation and... 

Blends of iPP with random propylene-co-ethylene copolymers have been reported to be miscible and co-crystallizable [62]. In recent years several new copolymers of propylene (PP) with higher a-olefins have been synthesized due to the introduction of new metallocene catalysts. Propylene/1-hexene and propylene/1-octene copolymers have been reported to show thermodynamic properties, storage modulus, and density that decrease in a linear pattern with increasing comonomer content [63, 64]. Blending of copolymers offers the opportunity of designing innovative materials whose properties can be suitably modulated by varying both... 

As discussed earlier, ethylene propylene rubber (EPR or EPM) has been blended with PP and PE to improve the impact strength and to render the materials softer. Recently, metallocene catalysts or postmetallocene catalysts provide new pathways to generate elastic copolymers that can replace EPR. These pathways possess cheaper manufacturing cost and generate new materials with better compatibility to PP or PE. Such new materials included ethylene-propylene random copolymers with dominant ethylene component (33-34) or propylene-dominant component (35 1), propylene-ethylene block copolymer (42), ethylene-octene copolymer (43), poly(propylene-co-ethylene) (44), ethylene-hexene copolymer (45), ethylene-butene copolymer (46), low isotactic PP (47), and stereoblock PP (48). These materials are generally compatible with PP or PE, thus can be used to tailor the toughness (or the softness) of... 

Most of the copolymers used in packaging are random copolymers. In many cases, if only small amounts of the comonomer are used, the modifying monomer is not reflected in the name used for the polymer. For example, as we saw in the last paragraph, polypropylene copolymers are commonly referred to just in that way, rather than as poly(propylene-co-ethylene), which would be the chemically accurate designation. 

Poly (propylene-co-ethylene). See Propylene/ethylene copolymer... 

The polyallomers constitute the class of block copolymers where both components are capable of crystallizing independently (Coover et al, 1966 Hagenmeyer and Edwards, 1966, 1970 Eastman Chemical Products, n.d.). The most important member of this family contains crystalline, stereoregular polypropylene as the major component and polyethylene as the minor component. As expected for a block copolymer, these products differ greatly in behavior from mechanical blends of polyethylene and polypropylene, and also from their random copolymers, poly(propylene-co-ethylene). When crosslinked with a diene monomer, the latter copolymers are known as EPDM rubbers (Lee et a/., 1966 Rodriguez, 1970, Chapter 13), while the former blends are of apparently little interest. In Figure 6.28 and 6.29 the... 

Poly (propylene-co-1-butene). See Propylene/butene copolymer Poly (propylene-co-ethylene). See Propylene/ethylene copolymer Poly (propylene-co-1-hexene). See Propylene/hexene copolymer Polypropylene/dibromostyrene copolymer CAS 137370-67-3... 

The (A) component is eithea- i-PP with <10 wt% comonomer, while (B) is preferably crystallizable C2-C3 copolymer. Blends were mechanically mixed ExxonMobil developed poly(propylene-co-ethylene) Vistamaxx post-metallocene resin. The polymerization procedure Iot the blend component is described in U.S. Patents 5198401 of 30 Mar 1993 and 5057475 of 15 Oct 1991 catalyst system of enhanced productivity, 5153157 of 06 Oct 1992, to Exxon Chem... 

Blends of isotactic propylene-co-ethylene (EP, 3-4.6 mol% ethylene) and propylene-co-l-butene (BP, 7.6 mol% 1-butene) random copolymers were studied by Bartczak et al. [66,67]. The authors investigated the effect of type, content, and distribution of comonomer units on the miscibility of the components, the crystallization behavior, morphology, and thermal and mechanical properties. 

By designing the repeat unit into the parent diene (containing either an alkyl branch or functionality), only a single type of repeat unit is formed upon polymerization, giving pure polymer microstructures. To date, perfectly controlled ADMET ethylene copolymers have included ethylene-CO,34 ethylene-vinyl alcohol,35 ethylene-vinyl acetate,36 and ethylene-propylene.20 Figure 8.12... 

Chlorinated, sulfonated, chlorosulfonated or epoxidized polymers, homopolymers and copolymers of functionalized monomers, e.g. poly(methacryl aldehyde), poly(2,3-epoxypropyl acrylate), poly(4-vinylphenol), poly(propylene-co-10-unde-cene-l-ol), poly(butadiene-co-methacryl aldehyde), poly(butadiene-co-acrylic acid), poly(ethylene-co-alkyl acrylate), poly(alkyl acrylate-co-2,3-epoxypropyl acrylate), poly(alkyl acrylate-co-maleic anhydride), poly(styrene-co-4-vinylbenzyl chloride)... 

Vulcanization is an industrial process applied to various polymers from the class of unsaturated polyhydrocarbons. The major practical use of vulcanized elastomers is the tire industry. Tires are made from various polymer blends, including natural rubber, typically between 20 and 50%. The other polymers used in various blends that can be vulcanized include copolymers such as poly(styrene-co-1,3-butadiene) or SBR, poly(acrylonitrile-co-1,3-butadiene-co-styrene) or ABS, poly(isobutylene-co-isoprene), poly(ethylene-co-propylene-co-1,4-hexadiene, etc. 

Poly(ethylene glycol) is used in a number of copolymers, such as poly(propylene oxide-co-ethylene oxide), polyethylene-ft/oc/c-poly(ethylene glycol), poly [2,2-propanebis(4-phenyl)carbonate-b/oc/c-poly(ethyIene oxide], as well as in various polymer blends. Several pyrolysis studies were done on these copolymers [9-11]. 

Low-temperature solution processes are state-of-the-art for the production of ethylene/propylene or ethylene/propylene/diene elastomers (EPDR or EPDM). A continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) or a series of two or even more such reactors is used [2]. n-Hexane, n-heptane, or Ce, C7 fractions are the solvents. Catalyst, co-catalyst and other compounds are introduced with the solvent into the reactor. The monomers (ethylene, propylene) are injected as gases other olefins are introduced in liquid form. The polymerization process runs around 50 °C and at pressures up to 2 MPa. Downstream the catalyst/co-catalyst system is deactivated and their residues are dissolved in dilute acid or aqueous NaOH. The copolymer is stabilized with an antioxidant. Steam treatment removes the rest of the solvent and monomers, and agglomerates the product to crumbs. These crumbs are then dried and finished to bales or pellets. 

Poly(propylene fumarate-co-ethylene glycol) (PF-co-EG) is a hydrophilic block copolymer that can be cross-linked chemically or by UV light. When used as an injectable cell scaffold in bone and vascular tissue engineering, this block copolymer degrades through the ester bonds in the PF blocks. ... 

Recently, a versatile class of poly(ethylene propylene)/poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer micelles were introduced they were stable due to a combination of high block incompatibility, kinetically frozen core, and high interfacial tension between core and solvent [53, 58]. Moreover, by using a co-solvent of varying composition, the aggregation number was controlled and soft spheres from star-like to micelle-like could be obtained. Another way is core stabilization via chemical crosslinking, say by UV radiation [59-64]. 

Polyblends with Soft Matrix. Polyblends in which both phases are soft are mixtures of different rubbers. Treads of automobile tires are made of polyblends of SBR with either natural rubber or cts-polybutadiene. Co vulcanization of EPDM with various rubbers is discussed in the chapter of M. E. Woods and T. R. Mass. Relaxation behavior of blends of EVA rubber with styrene/ethylene-butylene/styrene block copolymer and of poly (ethylene oxide) with ethylene oxide/propylene oxide/ethylene oxide block copolymer were studied by M. Shen, U. Mehra, L. Toy, and K. Biliyar. 

Synonyms Dimethylsiloxane (propylene oxide-ethylene oxide) block copolymer Poly [dimethylsiloxane-co-methyl (3-hydroxypropyl) siloxane-graft-poly (ethylene/propylene glycol) Polydimethylsiloxane/EO-PO copolymer Siloxanes and silicones, dimethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl methyl, ethoxylated, propoxylated ClassiTication Silicone... 

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