Prophylactic measure

Vof-beugung, /. prevention (Med) prophy laxis. -beugungsmassnahme, /. preventive (or prophylactic) measure, -beugungsmittel, n. preservative preventive (Med) prophylactic. -bild, n. pattern, model, standard prototype, type. 

Immunological products for the treatment of animal diseases that are subject to Community prophylactic measures. 

Examines new prophylactic measures and countermeasures to exposure, including antidotes and drugs treatments... 

This fungicide has been used in Brazil, Ecuador, Puerto Rico, Fernando Po, the West Indies, Philippine Islands, Central American countries, Cameroons, and Nigeria. From Brazil it was recently reported (27) that Bordeaux mixture had only a slight advantage over other compounds. Good results were, however, obtained with Cupro-san in combination with prophylactic measures. From studies conducted in Trinidad, Baker (3) concludes that control of black pod by sanitation and cultural methods is unlikely to be successful, whereas control might be practicable and profitable with spray and modern methods. 

Let us consider next some of the factors which are known to influence mental health and how they are related to the problem of the etiology of mental disease and to the subject of brain metabolism. Mental ill health has in general remained a puzzle down through the centuries. To attribute it to demoniacal possession or to psychogenic causes leaves the question shrouded in mystery, and gives an unsatisfactory basis for developing therapeutic or prophylactic measures. 

Protection from mosquito bites (net, skin-covering clothes, etc.) is a very important prophylactic measure. 

Management. Avoidance of asthma triggers is an important prophylactic measure, though not always feasible. 

The existence of the blood-brain barrier is an important consideration in the chemotherapy of neoplastic diseases of the brain or meninges. Poor drug penetration into the CNS has been a major cause of treatment failure in acute lymphocytic leukemia in children. Treatment programs for this disease now routinely employ craniospinal irradiation and intrathecally administered methotrexate as prophylactic measures for the prevention of relapses. The testes also are organs in which inadequate antitumor drug distribution can be a cause of relapse of an otherwise responsive tumor. 

Primaquine attacks plasmodia in the exoerythrocytic stages. It is effective for preventing relapse and as a prophylactic measure when staying in an infested area. Primaquine may cause hemolytic anemia, especially in patients who are deficient in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. 

The uses of lithium fall into two categories established and innovative. Among its established uses, lithium salts are used to treat acute mania and as a prophylactic measure to prevent the recurrence of bipolar manic-depressive illness. As an innovative agent, lithium salts have been used with certain success in the management of the following illnesses or conditions. 

Management Treatment rules are very similar to those of tinea corporis (local therapy should be continued for at least another week after clearance of the lesions), prophylactic measures may include boiling of underwear, usage of different towels for the affected region, examination of the feet to see whether tinea pedis may be the source of autoinoculation, avoidance of occlusive and synthetic garments and possibly weight loss. 

Respiratory, skin, and eye protection is required for personnel working with trichothecenes. There are no specific therapies for trichothecene toxicoses. Neither vaccines nor specific antidotes are readily available. Treatment in people and animals is symptomatic and supportive, and the only known prophylactic measure is avoidance of exposure (Fricke and Poppenga, 1989 National Academy of Science, 1983). T-2 toxin is stable in the environment, and resistant to heat and ultraviolet light. 

Warfighter 18-45 and Healthy Open air environment High number of casualties is the goal Prophylactic measures is focus... 

There is a preponderance of evidence that the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis is reduced when antiseptics (povidone iodine) and antibiotics are used preoperatively.The use of balanced salt solution, to which an antibiotic has been added, to irrigate the eye during surgery is advocated by some but tempered by concerns of intraocular toxicity and questions of efficacy. Sub-Tenon s capsule injection of an antibiotic just before surgery or subconjunctival injection of antibiotic at the end of the surgery is also used to prevent infection, but risk of inadvertent intraocular injections resulting in retinal antibiotic toxicity must be considered. In addition, oral antibiotics may be used at the time of surgery and 1 day postoperatively as a prophylactic measure. 

Recommended antibiotic prophylactic measures include neomycin (1 g), colistin (1.5 million units) or nystatin (1 million units) four times a day. Antibiotics which have been tried and tested are norfloxacin (400 mg/day), cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. They result in selective intestinal decontamination as well as bactericidal action in the serum, ascitic fluid and urine. Because of the possible impact of norfloxacin on the central nervous system, special caution should be exercised during the initial stages of HE. Primary prevention with norfloxacin in high-risk patients yielded a reduction in SBP frequency from 17% to 2% and from 32% to 0%. (72, 82, 87, 89, 94, 98)... 

Oedema and ascites call for extensive therapeutic measures. The daily life of the liver patient is additionally impaired by this condition, which may even be life-threatening. Awareness of the pathogenic factors makes it possible to apply prophylactic measures to prevent a disruption of water-electrolyte homoeostasis and to ensure appropriate therapy. 

The principal prophylactic measures for ascites consist of a detailed consultation with the physician (preferably in the presence of a family member) and strict guidance of the patient with efficient follow-up checks in the practitioner s surgery, (s. fig. 15.2) An important prerequisite for successful prophylactic measures is an appropriate lifestyle on the part of the patient with regard to the disease. 

As far as the costs are concerned, a one-year course of prophylactic treatment including the necessary follow-up checks and possible early treatment of commencing water retention is less expensive than 3 or 4 days hospitalization. This solely economic viewpoint is hkewise true for prophylactic measures used in hepatic encephalopathy as well as for its early diagnosis and successful therapy at the practitioner s surgery. 

Diuretics are not indicated as a prophylactic measure (because of the possible activation of RAAS)... 

Latent ascites (< 250 ml) can be determined by sonography. Detection of fluid in the abdominal cavity signals decompensation of cirrhosis and the corresponding inefficacy of prophylactic measures. Medication is recommended as part of a stepwise therapy. To start with, the prophylactic measures for ascites should be applied more intensively and consistently. Both ascites itself and its treatment harbour risks for the patient. 

Prophylactic measures with regard to the hepatorenal syndrome are of decisive and vital importance. It must be borne in mind that the water balance is extremely sensitive in cirrhotic patients. The cause can almost always be found in an enormous iatrogenic intervention in the volumetric balance (aggressive diuresis, imbalance in the tapping of ascitic fluid, excessive restriction of fluid). For this reason, it is important to avoid all substances which could worsen renal function (e.g. nonsteroidal antirheumatics, aminoglycoside antibiotics) and all measures which could lead to a reduction in the effective plasma volume. Furthermore, care should be taken to apply the principles of prophylaxis and therapy... 

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