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Manic depression bipolar

The Idea of Special Drugs for Manic Depression (Bipolar Disorder) ... [Pg.174]

The claim that lithium is a disease-specific therapy for mania or manic-depressive (bipolar) disorder has no basis in fact it is a braindisabling agent. Its efficacy has been exaggerated, and its adverse effects on the brain and mind, as well as the body as a whole, have been too frequently minimized. [Pg.216]

Positron emission tomography (PET) is an important diagnostic technique using radiation (Fig.19.8). It employs radioisotopes such as (half-life 20.3 min) or (half-life 124 s) that emit positrons when they decay. These are incorporated (quickly, because of their short half-lives) into substances such as glucose, which are injected into the patient. By following the pattern of positron emission from the body, researchers can study blood flow and glucose metabolism in healthy and diseased individuals. Computer-reconstructed pictures of positron emissions from the brain are particularly useful, because the locations of glucose metabolism appear to differ between healthy persons and patients with ailments such as manic depression (bipolar disorder) and schizophrenia. [Pg.808]

Examples Lithium carbonate is an effective drug for manic-depressive (bipolar) behavior. [Pg.175]

The major psychological adverse effects of cannabis include anxiety, paranoia, and psychosis. Thus, psychological screening should include a detailed psychiatric evaluation to identify individuals with a history of anxiety, paranoia, psychosis, or psychiatric disorders such as depression, manic depression (bipolar), panic disorder, or schizophrenia, which may be exacerbated by cannabis. [Pg.240]

Treatment of Manic—Depressive Illness. Siace the 1960s, lithium carbonate [10377-37-4] and other lithium salts have represented the standard treatment of mild-to-moderate manic-depressive disorders (175). It is effective ia about 60—80% of all acute manic episodes within one to three weeks of adrninistration. Lithium ions can reduce the frequency of manic or depressive episodes ia bipolar patients providing a mood-stabilising effect. Patients ate maintained on low, stabilising doses of lithium salts indefinitely as a prophylaxis. However, the therapeutic iadex is low, thus requiring monitoring of semm concentration. Adverse effects iaclude tremor, diarrhea, problems with eyes (adaptation to darkness), hypothyroidism, and cardiac problems (bradycardia—tachycardia syndrome). [Pg.233]

Other agents are also used for the treatment of manic-depressive disorders based on preliminary clinical results (177). The antiepileptic carbamazepine [298-46-4] has been reported in some clinical studies to be therapeutically beneficial in mild-to-moderate manic depression. Carbamazepine treatment is used especially in bipolar patients intolerant to lithium or nonresponders. A majority of Hthium-resistant, rapidly cycling manic-depressive patients were reported in one study to improve on carbamazepine (178). Carbamazepine blocks noradrenaline reuptake and inhibits noradrenaline exocytosis. The main adverse events are those found commonly with antiepileptics, ie, vigilance problems, nystagmus, ataxia, and anemia, in addition to nausea, diarrhea, or constipation. Carbamazepine can be used in combination with lithium. Several clinical studies report that the calcium channel blocker verapamil [52-53-9] registered for angina pectoris and supraventricular arrhythmias, may also be effective in the treatment of acute mania. Its use as a mood stabilizer may be unrelated to its calcium-blocking properties. Verapamil also decreases the activity of several neurotransmitters. Severe manic depression is often treated with antipsychotics or benzodiazepine anxiolytics. [Pg.233]

Bipolar disorder or manic depressive illness, refers to a severe mental illness characterized by recurring episodes of mania and depression. [Pg.271]

Lithium compounds are used in ceramics, lubricants, and medicine. Small daily doses of lithium carbonate are an effective treatment for bipolar (manic-depressive) disorder but scientists still do not fully understand why. Lithium soaps—the lithium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids—are used as thickeners in lubricating greases for high-temperature applications because they have higher melting points than more conventional sodium and potassium soaps. [Pg.710]

Depression often follows a manic episode (bipolar I disorder), but in other cases the main disorder presents as depressive episodes which are followed by or sometimes... [Pg.69]

Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder characterized by one or more episodes of mania or hypomania, often with a history of one or more major depressive episodes.1 It is a chronic illness with a course characterized by relapses and improvements or remissions. Mood episodes can be manic, depressed, or mixed. They can be separated by long periods of stability or can cycle... [Pg.585]

Turning to the pharmacotherapy for mania, for decades lithium was the only effective drug treatment. More recently, a number of antiepileptic drugs including carba maze pine, lamotrigine and valproate have been shown to also act as mood stabilisers and are becoming established for the treatment and prophylaxis of both unipolar mania and bipolar manic depressive disorders. [Pg.171]

In clinical psychiatric terms, the affective disorders can be subdivided into unipolar and bipolar disorders. Unipolar depression is also known as psychotic depression, endogenous depression, idiopathic depression and major depressive disorder. Bipolar disorder is now recognised as being heterogeneous bipolar disorder I is equivalent to classical manic depressive psychosis, or manic depression, while bipolar disorder II is depression with hypomania (Dean, 2002). Unipolar mania is where periods of mania alternate with periods of more normal moods. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) refers to depression with its onset most commonly in winter, followed by a gradual remission in spring. Some milder forms of severe depression, often those with an identifiable cause, may be referred to as reactive or neurotic depression. Secondary depression is associated with other illnesses, such as neuro-degenerative or cardiovascular diseases, and is relatively common. [Pg.172]

Mood stabilisers are used to regulate the cyclical change in mood characteristic of bipolar disorder, since they can attenuate both manic and depressive phases. Their main use is as a prophylactic for manic depression and unipolar mania. However, they can also be administered concomitantly with antidepressants for refractory (non-responsive) unipolar depression. [Pg.182]

Affective disorders A group of psychoses characterised by a pathological and long-lasting disturbance of mood or affect. They include the unipolar disorders (e.g., depression and mania), and bipolar disorders (e.g., manic depression). [Pg.236]

Bipolar disorder A group of affective disorders characterised by alternating periods of pathologically elevated moods, followed by severely reduced moods. Previously known as manic depression, or manic depressive psychosis. [Pg.238]

Li+ has been reported to affect virtually every component of the endocrine system to some extent however any resulting clinical manifestations are very rare [169]. Although these influences do not appear to be related to its mechanism of action in manic-depression, some are involved in the side effects experienced by Li+-treated patients. Apart from elevated levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Li+ does not appear to affect the basal levels of hormones significantly however some hormone responses are reported to be altered by Li+ treatment of bipolar patients [170]. Neuronal activity stimulates the adrenal medulla to release norepinephrine and epinephrine into the blood and, consequently, the plasma from people with mania and depression shows increased levels of both neurotransmitters [171]. [Pg.30]

Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic-depressive illness, is a cyclical, lifelong disorder with recurrent extreme fluctuations in mood, energy, and behavior. Diagnosis requires the occurrence, during the course of the illness, of a manic, hypomanic, or mixed episode (not caused by any other medical condition, substance, or psychiatric disorder). [Pg.769]

Data from Torrey EF, Knable MB. Surviving Manic Depression A Manual on Bipolar Disorder for Patients, Families and Providers. New York Basic Book, 2002 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed.. Text Revision. Washington, DC American Psychiatric Association, 2000 382-401 and American Psychiatric Association, Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder (revision). Am J Psychiatry2002 159 1-50. [Pg.774]

Valproate is as effective as lithium and olanzapine for pure mania, and it can be more effective than lithium for rapid cycling, mixed states, and bipolar disorder with substance abuse. It reduces the frequency of recurrent manic, depressive, and mixed episodes. [Pg.789]


See other pages where Manic depression bipolar is mentioned: [Pg.10]    [Pg.218]    [Pg.245]    [Pg.10]    [Pg.218]    [Pg.245]    [Pg.228]    [Pg.465]    [Pg.412]    [Pg.523]    [Pg.791]    [Pg.296]    [Pg.69]    [Pg.142]    [Pg.171]    [Pg.182]    [Pg.184]    [Pg.184]    [Pg.196]    [Pg.388]    [Pg.397]    [Pg.399]    [Pg.888]    [Pg.339]   


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