Property and function modifications

The DS, DE, and DP are intrinsic to the polysaccharide molecule, exercising influence on the solute s intra- and intermolecular interaction and interaction with water. Physical processes have extrinsic influences, insofar as they affect directly the DS, DE, and DP, and indirectly the dielectric property of 

---

The proteome is the set of expressed proteins at a given time under defined conditions it is dynamic and varies according to the cell type and functional state. One of the main differences when working with proteins is that there is not an amplification methodology for proteins comparable to PCR. Physical and chemical diversity of proteins are also higher than nucleic acids. They differ among individuals, cell types, and within the same cell depending on cell activity and state. In addition, there are hundreds of different types of post-translational modifications (PTMs), which evidently will influence chemical properties and functions of proteins. PTMs are key to the control and... 

Biotechnological transformation is powerful tool to effectively utilize a broad variety of plant oils, with the aim to modify their structure for the production of new lipid-based materials with demanded properties and functions. One method of plant oil transformation is based on the direct utilization by microorganisms. Employed oils can be converted to aimed compounds by submerged cultivation or oils, and/or oleaginous plant materials can be utilized during solid state fermentation to useful bioproducts enriched with demanded microbial products. Another biotransformation technique covers the enzymatic modification of oil components to structured lipids with biological properties. 

TABLE 5.1 Modification of plant-based material properties and functionalities by milling... 

The modification of zeolites mainly relies on secondary synthesis methods. The aim of modification is to reprocess the zeolites using suitable techniques to improve the properties and functions such as (1) acidity, (2) thermal and hydrothermal stability, (3) catalytic performance such as redox catalytic and coordination catalytic properties, etc., (4) channel structures, (5) surface properties and microporous frameworks and charge-balancing ions. Modification is also called secondary synthesis and can lead to new properties that cannot be achieved through direct synthesis. Let us consider the case of faujasite (FAU), the main component of the cracking catalyst, and its catalytic performance (represented by the catalytic activity K/K Std for n-hexane cracking). From Table 6.1 it is seen that the secondary synthesis affects the catalytic performance to a considerable degree. 

Zeolite dealumination is one of the most important subjects in the field of zeolite secondary synthesis and modification. For decades, zeolite scientists have been investigating dealumination routes and techniques in order to optimize the properties and functions of zeolites. Generally, there are three dealumination routes presented as follows ... 

This review firstly focuses on modification of the chitosan molecule to obtain desired properties and functions. The most important material forms (porous scaffolds, hydrogels, and rods) and delivery vectors fabricated from chitosan and its derivatives will be introduced. Particularly, the interaction and modulation of stem cell behavior by chitosan will be discussed. Finally, the applications of chitosan-based materials for repair and regeneration of various tissues and organs such as skin, cartilage, and bone will be summarized. 

The versatility of plasma-based treatments allows the design of special function-oriented surfaces for medical devices, which are presented next. An overview of the plasma-based thin films and surface treatments is included for a number of applications ranging from the improvement of mechanical properties and the modification of the surface chemistry of materials to regulate the interaction with living tissues, diagnostics, and drug delivery. 

The properties and functions of all proteins are determined to a large extent by their amino acid sequences, as well as the posttranslational modifications by cellular machinery. Section II describes some basic methods commonly used in... 

As seen from the above discussion, DBAs continue to attract a great deal of interest in aromatic chemistry. This is because their characteristic structural and electronic properties, that is, relatively high reactivity, shape persistency, and facile structural and functional modifications, invoked new fields of chemistry, as exemplified above in their use in optoelectronic materials, supramolecular chemistry, and biological applications. The renaissance of DBAs is hkely to continue for decades to come. 

---