Chitosan-based materials

Krajewska, B. (2004) Application of chitin-and chitosan-based materials for enzyme immobilizations a review. Enz. Microb. Technol., 35, 126. 

This review firstly focuses on modification of the chitosan molecule to obtain desired properties and functions. The most important material forms (porous scaffolds, hydrogels, and rods) and delivery vectors fabricated from chitosan and its derivatives will be introduced. Particularly, the interaction and modulation of stem cell behavior by chitosan will be discussed. Finally, the applications of chitosan-based materials for repair and regeneration of various tissues and organs such as skin, cartilage, and bone will be summarized. 

E. Guibal, Heterogeneous catalysis on chitosan-based materials a review . Progress in Polymer Science, 30, 71-109, (2005). 

Advances in Chitosan-Based Materials and Clinical Relevance... 

Kumirska, J., Weinhold, M.X., Thoming, J. and Stepnowski, P. (2011) Biomedical activity of chitin/ chitosan based materials - influence of physicochemical properties apart from molecular weight and degree of N-acetylation. Polymers, 3, 1875-1901. 

Colorimetric assays are appropriate methods to investigate protein interactions with cationic polysaccharide materials. However, these assays cannot differentiate between different types of interactions, i.e. adsorption and absorption of proteins. Among these, the bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA) is widely used since it allows an easy determination of the total amount of adsorbed proteins on bulk materials." The assay is based on the reduction of Cu to Cu in a reductive environment in the presence of proteins. The BCA chelates Cu, forming a colored complex whose absorption band at 562 nm can be related to the amount of adsorbed proteins on the materials. Using this method, it has been demonstrated that the incorporation of inorganic materials such as hydroxyapatite (HAP) or nano-HAP into chitosan-based materials leads to the formation of protein-rich layers at the... 

Chitosan possesses interesting characteristics that also make it an effective biosorbent for the removal of color with outstanding adsorption capacities. Compared with conventional conunercial adsorbents such as commercial-activated carbons for ranoving dyes from solution, adsorption using chitosan-based materials as biosorbent offers several advantages (Table 39.1). 

Advantages and Disadvantages of Chitosan and Chitosan-Based Materials Used as Biosorbent for the Removal of Dyes from Aqueous Solutions... 

Environmental requirements are assuming great importance, since there is an increased interest in the industrial use of renewable resources such as starch and chitin. Considerable efforts are now being made in the research and development of polysaccharide derivatives as the basic materials for new applications. In particular, the increasing cost of conventional adsorbents undoubtedly makes chitin and chitosan-based materials one of the most attractive biosorbent for wastewater treatment. Chitin and chitosan biopolymers have demonstrated outstanding removal capabilities for certain pollutants such as dyes and metal ions as compared to other low-cost sorbents and commercial-activated carbons. Biopolymer adsorbents are efficient and can be used for the decontamination of effluents (removal of pollutants) and for separation processes (recovery of valuable metals). 

Guibal, E. 2005. Heterogeneous catalysis on chitosan-based materials A review. Prog. Polym. Sci. 30 71-109. 

Kumirska J, Weinhold MX, Thoming J et al (2011) Bitnnedical activity of chitin/chitosan based materials-influence of physicochemical propoties apart frtnn molecular weight and degree of N-acetylation. Polymers 3 1875-1901... 

B. Krajewska, Application of chitin- and chitosan-based materials for enzyme immobihza-tions a review. Enzyme Microb. Technol, 35 (2-3), 126-139, 2004. 

The newly developed systems behaved in a superior manner to conventional treatment with nystatin emulsion. A positive synergy was observed with a combined antifungal and antioxidant component (synthetic and natural biomaterials) incorporated into a functional biocompatible gel. The in-vitro antioxidant capacity was quantified and the influence of antioxidant capacity of propolis extract on the rate of release of nystatin from chitosan-based material was investigated. These copolymer systems were able to release the drug over several weeks and, therefore, may be useful as a drug carrier in the treatment of oral mucositis [35]. 

J. Kumirska, M.X. Weinhold, M. Czerwicka, Z. Kaczynski, A. Bychowska, K. Brzozowski, J. Thoming, P. Stepnowski, Influence of the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of chitin- and chitosan-based materials on their biomedical activity in A.N. Laskovski, ed.. Biomedical Engineering Trends in Materials Science-, InTech Rijeka, Croatia, pp. 25-64,2011. F. Gandia-Herrero, J. Cabanes, J. Escribano, F. Garda-Carmona,M. JimenezAtienzar, Encapsulation of the most potent antioxidant betalains in edible matrixes as powders of different colors, /. Agr. Food Chem., 61,4294-4302, 2013.. 

Chitosan-based Materials in Waste Water Treatment—Recent Developments... 

Chitosan-based Materials i n Waste Water Treatment—Recent Developments 33... 

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